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Explanations for this observation include which of the following? The major component of steel is iron, a metal that in its pure state is not much harder than copper. We'll add that to "guys, it's the electrons that flow in a circuit! plain-carbon steels may be as high as 2.0%, but such an alloy is rarely found. steel, alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content ranges up to 2 percent (with a higher carbon content, the material is defined as cast iron). 5p Steel is an interstitial alloy with much smaller carbon atoms in the spaces between the iron atoms. Which of the following compounds is ionic and contains both sigma and pi covalent bonds? (C) increasing electronegativity of the central atom in C6H6? 3. Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. Ag2+ + O2- Reveal answer. Metallurgical consultant. Answer: Option A, C is rejected because there is no chromium atom neither in surface nor in the interior side. Author of. On the basis of strength of intermolecular forces, which of the following elements would be expected to have the highest melting point? The composition of steel is primarily accounted for by iron (usually accounts for at least 75% of the alloys weight). Write a set of quantum numbers for each of the electrons with an n of 3 in a Sc atom. D) OF2 Iron has its bcc allotropy below 912 C (1,674 F) and from 1,394 C (2,541 F) up to its melting point of 1,538 C (2,800 F). 1. As an indication of the relative importance of this material, in 2013 the worlds raw steel production was about 1.6 billion tons, while production of the next most important engineering metal, aluminum, was about 47 million tons. When a force is applied, the layers. 52- 6 electrons, A:In an atom, a shell is defined as a group of subshells that have the same principal quantum number., Q:Which of the following atoms has the greatest difference between IE3 and IE4? Cu2+ + O In general, alloy steel is steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve its mechanical The carbon atoms can take up two positions. e., A:Calcium atomic number is 20 Please contact the submission author. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? The atoms of Ca-38 and Ca-40 differ with respect to ?? (This explains why gray iron, which contains more than 2 percent carbon, is processed at much lower temperatures than steel.) Many theories have been stated for explain. 4. D. F. 6.39 Why is Equation 6.9 meaningful only forsubmicroscopic particles, such as electrons and atoms,and not for macroscopic objects? The remaining Austenite deposits Iron and Carbide of Iron side by side to form the eutectoid of Iron. 1. It takes an engineer and a manufacturing industry behind them to make a bridge that works for the purpose without wasting resources. And, the sequence of all quantum numbers is = 5,1,0,+1/2, Q:Which element has the following configuration:[Xe]6s24f75d1[Xe]6s24f75d1? Steel is an interstitial alloy made from Carbon and iron atoms. 11. "FERRITE" Iron precipitated from Austenite as it cools. Ground state electronic configuration of O. Na+ Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and Catoms. The higher the temperature above the, However irregular or Course the Steel grains maybe, if they are heated above the, If Steel is "Soaked" at a temperature of over. (C) PCl3 Ar Group of answer choices c. What will happen to the fringe spacing if the distance to the screen is decreased? This is like how molecules of iron can be stacked when it's solid. d. 4s Flashed On Motorway Not Speeding, lincoln tunnel traffic live. b.) examples of taboos in canada; treasurydirect is unavailable; As the temperature continues to fall, more and more pure Iron is deposited until only Austenite solid solut1on of 0.82% Carbon at. Composition of 100 g of carbon steel; element % mass (g) = % mass of steel (g) carbon : 1%: Atoms in a metal are packed tightly in layers and held by strong metallic bonds. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a molecule of ethyne, represented above? sequence of 5, 1, 0, +1/2, A:Given that - These are generally stronger, harder, tougher, and more durable than carbon steels. where, R = 10973731.6m-1, Q:Atomic Radii of the First 86 Elements B) KCl Photo: It's not just the basic ingredients (the metals and other constituents) that affect the properties of an alloy; how those ingredients combine is very important too. The following is an electron transfer reaction between two atoms: What isthe average atomic weight of this sample of the metal? An alloy is a mixture of two or more materials, at least one of which is a metal. Precisely speaking an atom consists of three major subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. (C) A molecular solid with hydrogen bonding 2 P, Q:Of the following, which atom has the smallest atomic radius? c. 5 A:The given elements are Nitrogen, iron, argon and Phosphorus. This is why you see red hot steel dunked in water after being worked, although now a days I believe most steel is forced air quenched. 7.2x13.5x2=16.0,14.4x1+7.0x2=31.07.2x_1-3.5x_2=16.0, -14.4_x1+7.0x_2=31.0 As we said steel is an interstitial alloy, which in a particle level structure will show 12 large iron atoms, arranged in a 3 by 4 array and carbon atoms are present in the intersection of four Iron atoms. B) HF Steel is generally referred to as "carbon" steel, because it is a combination of iron atoms interspersed with carbon atoms. Press J to jump to the feed. Steels consist of iron (Fe) alloyed with carbon (C) (about 0.1% to 1%, depending on type). CCl4, CO2, PCl3, PCl5, SF6 Which of the following does not describe any of the molecules above? E) d2sp, (A) CO2 (B) H2O (C) CH4 (D) C2H4 (E) PH3 Clubhouse Twitter Song, c.) 5f 6: Structures and Energetics of Metallic and Ionic solids, { "6.7A:_Substitutional_Alloys" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.7B:_Interstitial_Alloys" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.7C:_Intermetallic_Compounds" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "6.01:_Introduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.02:_Packing_of_Spheres" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.03:_The_Packing_of_Spheres_Model_Applied_to_the_Structures_of_Elements" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.04:_Polymorphism_in_Metals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.05:_Metallic_Radii" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.06:_Melting_Points_and_Standard_Enthalpies_of_Atomization_of_Metals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.07:_Alloys_and_Intermetallic_Compounds" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.08:_Bonding_in_Metals_and_Semicondoctors" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.09:_Semiconductors" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.10:_Size_of_Ions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.11:_Ionic_Lattices" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.12:_Crystal_Structure_of_Semiconductors" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.13:_Lattice_Energy_-_Estimates_from_an_Electrostatic_Model" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.14:_Lattice_Energy_-_The_Born-Haber_Cycle" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.15:_Lattice_Energy_-_Calculated_vs._Experimental_Values" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.16:_Application_of_Lattice_Energies" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.17:_Defects_in_Solid_State_Lattices" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FInorganic_Chemistry%2FMap%253A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Housecroft)%2F06%253A_Structures_and_Energetics_of_Metallic_and_Ionic_solids%2F6.07%253A_Alloys_and_Intermetallic_Compounds%2F6.7B%253A_Interstitial_Alloys, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. H-C----C-H genetic drift occurs when quizlet; 5th metacarpal fracture rehab protocol; anthony mackie smiling meme; carter carol cervantez; steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. Today, the most important are the alloy steels, broadly defined as steels containing significant amounts of elements other than iron and carbon. Q:66. The crucible with Mg melting was protected by SF 6 + CO 2 mixed gas for suppressing oxidation at 720 C. 2. steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. When the Sojourner spacecraft landed on Mars in 1997, the planet was approximately 7.8 107 km from Earth. Se. D) dsp2 Anyone can build a bridge that fails, most people can build a bridge that works but costs 10 times more than it should. Cast irons Cast irons are alloys of iron and carbon containing more than 2.14% C. Other alloying elements may also be present in cast irons. (b), Q:In an atom, how many electrons can be assigned the principal quantum numbern= 4 and the spin, A:All things are provided in handwritten solution, Q:Which ions have the electron configuration 1s22s22p6 . Based on the band of stability, what is the approximate neutron to proton ratio for vanadium. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? Two children are playing on two trampolines. To simulate the 9 at% FeCr alloy, two of the Cr atoms are placed in the two bottommost atomic layers (maximally far from each other). = C A) nitrogen B). which of the following atoms cannot exceed the octet rule in a molecule, which of the following has an incomplete octet in its lewis structure. (A) N2 sp2 Carbon gives strength and hardness but at the expense of ductility. (B) A molecular solid with zero dipole moment A:Each orbital is having maximum number of 2 electrons , one is clcokwise direction and another, Q:13. b. According to the Pauli exclusion principle in an atom no two electrons, Q:8. 7. the answer is the one with Fe as the big molecules and see as a small ones. Determine which of the following "THREE RULES" have been, A:Pauli exclusion principle: For fcc crystals the atoms of iron are on the cube corners and at the centres of each face of the cube. Q:(Q70) Identify all of the following to which the electron configuration shown her %PDF-1.4 % So steel and cast are related by being irons. grimm brothers three little pigs pdf. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 22. This microstructure is called pearlite, and the change is called the eutectoidic transformation. AskEngineers is a forum for questions about the technologies, standards, and processes used to design & build these systems, as well as for questions about the engineering profession and its many disciplines. (B) C2H4 2. (B) decreasing size of the central atom 30 With the interstitial mechanism, one atom is usually much smaller than the other, so cannot successfully replace an atom in the crystals of the base metal. core, A:Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. Multivalent Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A:Which one having smallest atomic radii ? (H for the phase change H2O(g) H2O(l) is -44 kJ mol. the BF3 molecule is nonpolar, whereas the NF3 molecule is polar. The melting point of MgO is higher than that of NaF. Carbon atoms fill the spaces between iron atom, making the structure % more rigid. Former Chief Metallurgical Engineer, National Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. And how did we find this out? [Ne] 3s, A:Electronic configuration refers to the systematic arrangement of electrons in the various shells and. Carbon atoms fill the spaces between iron atom, making the structure % more rigid. The crystal structure of steel changes with increasing temperature. C) OF . (C) O2-, S2-, Cl- ~tXzQ~|TJwH^L-J* qh/c `hb/Gl msV~0X2aEc5;%$GOcv Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. This is a hold-over from centuries ago when it was not known about the amount of carbon in the metal. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Legal. The molecule with the largest dipole moment For Steel the final Grain size is affected by the temperature of the steel before cooling started. from Wikipedia. e., A:The atomic number of calcium is 20 and it is a group 2 element. for which of the following pairs of ions is the energy that is required to sperate ions largest, steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. Chemical Engineering questions and answers. Can be deposited from Austenite as it cools. = C = Fe O = Fe = C = II 8 = = Fe O=C O = C Fe O = Fe Question: Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and Catoms. d) Co+2= [Ar] 3d(7). The carbon atoms are very small and can fit, with some distortion, into the larger gaps between the iron atoms. the diagram above shows two resonance structures for a molecule of C6H6. The electron-dot structure (Lewis structure) for which of the following molecules would have two unshared pairs of electrons on the central atom? (D) Ionic bonds between H+ ions and OH- ions are broken. However, after further adsorption of Pb around the Fe atoms on the alloy-doped Fe (111) surface, the work functions are found to decrease, implying that the shielded electrons can be reactivated when in contact with Pb. Steel is an interstitial alloy that is made of carbon and iron. We found that results could be replicatable if the constants could be held true. Their alloy content raises their cost, and so they are usually only employed for specialist uses. Which of the following statements accounts for the diffrence in polarity of the two molecules? Molten steel containing, for example, a carbon content of 0.77 percent (shown by the vertical dashed line in the figure) begins to solidify at about 1,475 C (2,660 F) and is completely solid at about 1,400 C (2,550 F). Which of the following elements combines with oxygen to form a covalent network solid? Which, A:Ground state electronic configuration of Ag is Carbon is always present in metallic alloys, i.e. (E) Covalent bonds between H+ ions and H2O molecules become more effective. This is because this nail is an alloy of iron with carbon, chromium and nickel. Fe, Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell, Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer, Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen, John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel, Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. C. O Calculate the radius of the copper atom, given that copper has an fcc crystalstructure, a density of 8.89 g/cm3, and an atomic mass of 63.55 g/mole. It can also contain varying amounts of carbon and other elements based on the type of steel. 205 0 obj <> endobj Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. Copy. At 25 C and 1 atm, has molecules with a pyramidal shape. A) HCN Strong single covalent bonds with weak intermolecular forces. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? The electron-dot structure (Lewis structure) for which of the following molecules would have two unshared pairs of electrons on the central atom? The carbide form can be iron carbide (Fe3C, known as cementite), or it can be a carbide of an alloying element such as titanium. The white dots in the red circles are attributed to single iron atoms. Please select which sections you would like to print: Metallurgical consultant. (A) The London (dispersion) forces increase. Enter the chemical symbol, A:Explanation to the correct answer is given below, Q:24. Shapes of orbitals are an approximate representation of boundaries in space for finding electrons occupied in that respective orbital. Which of the following molecules has a dipole moment of zero? (A) SiCl4 Is used to explain why iodine molecules are held together in the solid state, Is used to explain the fact that the four bonds in methane are equivalent. Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. Wootz steel. One element is an alkali metal, X, and the other element is a halogen, Z. which of the following is the most valid scientific claim that can be made about the compound. = C A O = Fe Fe Fe Transcribed Image Text: B) = Fe O = C = Fe = Fe O = Fe Expert Solution Want to see the full answer? Which of the following molecules has a dipole moment? The following is an electron transfer reaction between two atoms: This phase is available at say 0.6% Carbon between 750 and 800C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 Non-Alloy Steel. Of the following pure substances, which has the highest melting point? A Pickpocket's Tale Summary, Explaining alloy hardness In the solid state, a pure metal has a giant metallic structure. Free Carbon is present in Cast Iron. Steel with carbon content less than 0.78 wt% C is hypoeutectoid and greater than 0.78 wt% C is hypereutectoid. 2. (24 points), An open flask is half filled with water at 25C. So, the element, Q:How many unpaired electrons are present in the ground state of an atom from each of the following, A:a. The large white particles are arranged in a square lattice. for which of the following molecules are resonance structures necessary to describe the bonding satisfactorily? Metals and Alloys. 1=R1nf2-1ni2 N Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Metallurgical Engineering - Cast irons, Aluminum research. Synthetic Biology Companies, (A) S8 On the basis of coulombs law. Note that the bottom axis has steel and cast iron labeled so that is the basics of answering your question, below 2.06 % carbon the alloy is called steel, above that it is cast iron. 50 Now, if you buy a chunk of 5160 Spring steel and it has a mill certification, you know exactly how it will work when you and anneal and temper it. based on this information, which of the following diagrams best represents an alloy containing only copper and zinc atoms, the 5x5 thats mostly light ones and they're all the same size. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). convention on the rights of the child citation oscola; fran finney net worth; cia gateway experience documents; landstar agent salary; torture a ragdoll; Steel is often both an interstitial and substitution alloy. andy allo chicago fire; . Steel is an interstitial alloy of iron and carbon that contains between 0.002% and 2.1 % (m/m) of carbon. I. Mg2+ is more positively charged than Na+. 4) the basic ferrite module comprises 3 iron atoms. One and two only what accounts for the difference in polarity? (C) Cl2 D) O2 ___C6H6 Fe Pi () bonding occurs in each of the following species EXCEPT 6.2 Unlike XRF, AAS cannot be used for nondestructive testing. Which of the following molecules contains only single bonds? 1) two atoms of one element, Q:The number of electrons in the highest energy level of 20Ca is The carbon atoms can take up two positions. On both ends were connections to a power source, and the ring was heavy enough to pull the steel wire down in the center, with the slack. A. How long did it take for the television picture signal to reach Earth from Mars? E) I2, For which of the following molecules are resonance structures necessary to describe the bonding satisfactorily? The experimentally determinded Bi-Cl bond distance in bismuth trichloride is 2.48 . The atom that contains exactly 3 unpaired electrons. , pporting your claim about chemical reactions Some atoms hold together quite well, which is what makes some solid materials hard. Jinja2 If Not Equal, which of the following complete lewis diagrams represents a molecule with a bond angle that is closest to 120? Steels consist of iron (Fe) alloyed with carbon (C) (about 0.1% to 1%, depending on type). From this point down, the iron crystals are all in an austenitici.e., fccarrangement and contain all of the carbon in solid solution. 6. The terminology isn't totally perfect since that terminology predates our understanding of elements, atoms, and crystals that we now understand define these materials. 5. Which two factors must be equal when a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium? Before solidification (freezing) can occur the temperature must fall to a point on the lines AB or BC. 1s22s22p63s23p1, A:Given that, the electron configuration of the element is---- Mild steel: Carbon and iron: . Start your trial now! forms a basic solution in water. The following are properties or characteristics of different chemicals compounds: Pure iron is too soft and reactive to be of much real use, so most of the "iron" we tend to use for everyday purposes is actually in the form of iron alloys: iron mixed with other elements (especially carbon) to make stronger, more resilient forms of the metal including steel. indicates a plenty distribution of Fe, C, and O atoms on the surfaces, having Fe and C elements originating from the substrate, while O and K come from the electrolyte. For FCC, we have: 1 Through precise control and manipulation of welding parameters for inertia friction-welded Al alloy/steel joints, the transformation of nanoscale interfacial layer from the amorphous to the mixed phase (co-existence of amorphous and crystallised phases) and then to a fully crystallised Fe 2 Al 5 intermetallic compound (IMC) was observed. 9. J.J.Thomson was able to determine the e/m ratio by, Q:Calculate the energy difference inthe electron when it goes from ann= 5 energy level to ann= 2, Q:Which of the atoms listed below has the largest radius? They are ordered in planes, called lattices, which penetrate one another in specific ways. The boiling points of the elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon increase in that order. endstream endobj 206 0 obj <> endobj 207 0 obj <> endobj 208 0 obj <> endobj 209 0 obj <>stream Types of hybridization exhibited by the C atoms in propene, CH3CHCH2, include which of the following? Cast iron has lots (>2%) of carbon and doesn't behave like steel. 00000 Atomic Number In ground state 5A group, there are, Q:The spheres below represent atoms of Sb, As, P, and N (not necessarily in that order). The A-B-C line represents the liquidus points (i.e., the temperatures at which molten iron begins to solidify), and the H-J-E-C line represents the solidus points (at which solidification is completed). 6.7B: Interstitial Alloys is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The O2- ion is smaller than the F- ion. 3079-3090, 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.045. Image Based Life > Uncategorized > steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. In ground state 2A group, there is no unpaired electron. 234 0 obj <>stream If they did the bar could be broken by a light tap. What is the largest order of any element in U(900)? (D) increasing number of unshared pairs of electrons For iron, the lattice arrangement can best be visualized by a unit cube with eight iron atoms at its corners. In metallurgy, stainless steel is a steel alloy with at least 10.5% chromium with or without other alloying elements and a maximum of 1.2% carbon by mass. The carbon atoms are much smaller than the iron atoms so they are present in between the iron atoms, which is called an interstitial atom. Please contact the submission author. C) CuCl The martensite is formed by rapid cooling (quenching) of austenite which traps carbon atoms that do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure. The holes present in the metal lattice are generally the spaces present between the metal atoms. A:Step : 1 Well, if the metal is heated to >750C and then cooled to room temperature slowly, the molecules would rearrange to alpha ferrite steel and it would be brittle. Steel is an example of an interstitial alloy, because the very small carbon atoms fit into interstices of the iron matrix. Grain-oriented silicon steel (Fe-Si steel; transformer steel; electrical steel) is a soft magnetic polycrystalline metallic alloy that is used as core material in electrical transformer cores and electrical motors..