Furthermore, Guthke goes on to suggest that "Ret Marut" may be a partial anagram of "Moritz Rathenau". However, according to Huston, Croves played a double game during the shooting of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre. Is B. Traven actually Moritz Rathenau, half-brother of Walther Rathenau? The British journalists discovered further that after his apprenticeship and National Service in the German army around 1904/1905 Otto Feige disappeared leaving no trace except for a photograph made by a studio in Magdeburg. In 1948 the book was filmed under the same title (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre) by the Hollywood director John Huston. Esperanza López Mateos had been cooperating with B. Traven since at least 1941 when she translated his first novel The Bridge in the Jungle into Spanish. One person who contributed to this was Esperanza López Mateos, the sister of Adolfo López Mateos, later the President of Mexico, who translated eight books by Traven into Spanish from 1941. On the other hand, if Marut was not identical with Otto Feige, it is difficult to explain how he knew the details of his birth so well, including his mother's maiden name, and the similarity of the faces and the handwriting. Evidence suggests that he was born Otto Feige in Schlewsig-Holstein and that he escaped a death sentence for his involvement with the anarchist underground in Bavaria. This claim is mostly treated by Traven scholars as a diversion or a joke, although there are those who accept it. He was in many ways the opposite of his half-brother. [31] On 10 October 1959, Traves Torsvan arrived in Houston, Texas, from Mexico on a KLM airlines flight accompanied by his wife Rosa E. Torsvan, presumably Rosa Elena Luján. The novels describe the life of Mexican Indians in the state of Chiapas in the early 20th century who are forced to work under inhuman conditions at clearing mahogany in labour camps (monterias) in the jungle; this results in rebellion and the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution.[7][8]. Der politische Schriftsteller B. Traven", "B. Traven: ein deutsch-mexikanischer Mythos", "His Widow Reveals Much Of Who B. Traven Really Was", The Death Ship: The Story of an American Sailor, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B._Traven&oldid=1000258111, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from July 2020, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. B. Traven is the author of twelve novels, one book of reportage and several short stories, in which the sensational and adventure subjects combine with a critical attitude towards capitalism, reflecting the socialist and anarchist sympathies of the writer. Some researchers further argue that Marut/Traven's real name was Otto Feige and that he was born in Schwiebus in Brandenburg, modern-day Świebodzin in Poland. B. Traven submitted his works himself or through his representatives for publication from Mexico to Europe by post and gave a Mexican post office box as his return address. Rosa Elena Luján gave more information about these facts in her interview for the International Herald Tribune on 8 April 1969, where she claimed that her husband's parents had emigrated from the United States to Germany some time after their son's birth. Schmid's hypothesis has both its adherents and opponents; at present its verification seems to be impossible. [13], In the meantime, Hal Croves, who had disappeared after shooting the film The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, appeared on the literary scene in Acapulco again. “The biography of a creative man is completely unimportant. The journalists heard that Croves had indeed been the German revolutionary named Ret Marut in his youth, which reconciled both the adherents of the theory of the Americanness and the proponents of the hypothesis about the Germanness of the writer. After the outbreak of the war, in 1915, he declared to the German authorities that he was an American citizen. Rafael Arles Ramirez, who was responsible for the promotion of B. Traven's books in Mexico, admitted in 1956 that he had invented and circulated the story to boost interest in the writer's novels. [13], The media publicity that accompanied the premiere of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre and the aura of mystery surrounding the author of the literary original of the film (rumour had it that Life magazine offered a reward of $5,000 for finding the real B. Traven)[30] induced a Mexican journalist named Luis Spota to try to find Hal Croves, who disappeared after the end of the shooting of the film in the summer of 1947. He received Mexican citizenship on 3 September 1951. They tell about exotic travels, outlaw adventurers and Indians; many of their motifs can also be found in Karl May's and Jack London's novels. John Huston was signed to direct, but the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor caused an interruption in work until after the war. Hardcover Huston also brought the matter up in his autobiography,[29] published in 1980, where he wrote that he had been considering first that Croves might be Traven, but after observing his behaviour he had come to the conclusion that this was not the case. According to Baumann, who was a B. Traven scholar for more than 30 years and a emeritus professor of American Literature, Marut-Torsvan-Croves was not the creator of the original B. Traven manuscripts. Marut got to know Erich Mühsam, one of the leaders of the anarchists in Munich. Adventurous, funny, and full of humanity, The Cotton-Pickers challenges and delights readers to this day. Rolf Recknagel conducted research into it in 1976, and Karl Guthke in 1982. Some of the most common hypotheses, apart from those already mentioned, are presented below: Ret Marut mug shot taken in London (1923); Marut is the most popular candidate for Traven's true identity. ). ), "Los lectores que desconozcan el genio de Traven, lo hacen bajo su propio riesgo" —The New York Times Book Review, The Rebellion of the Hanged (Jungle Novels Book 5), ( Read 224 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. He allegedly utilized his experiences from these voyages later in the novel The Death Ship. Different sources give different dates of revealing the information below. This reluctance to offer any biographical information was explained by B. Traven in words which were to become one of his best-known quotations: The creative person should have no other biography than his works.[7][11]. B. Traven was two or more persons (Hal Croves/Traven Torsvan and Ret Marut) who worked in collaboration, according to John Huston. Traven.[13]. Instead, an anarchist element of rebellion often lies at the centre of the novel's action. ¡Por primera vez disponible en formato kindle! B. Traven (Bruno Traven in some accounts) was the pen name of a presumably German novelist, whose real name, nationality, date and place of birth and details of biography are all subject to dispute. The Treasure of the Sierra Madre: A Novel, ( ), March to the Monteria (Jungle Novels Book 3), ( Michael L. Baumann presented in Mr. Traven, I Presume? Board of Trade: Commercial and Statistical Department and successors: Outwards Passenger Lists. , ( The results of their research were published in a documentary broadcast by the BBC on 19 December 1978 and in Wyatt's book The Man who Was B. Traven (U.S. title The Secret of the Sierra Madre),[17] which appeared in 1980. B. Traven submitted his works himself or through his representatives for publication from Mexico to Europe by post and gave a Mexican post office box as his return address. This turned into a trap because he was no longer able to expose his true vita without appearing as a show-off.[12]. His other aliases include Hal Croves, Traven Torsvan and Ret Marut. In 1933, the writer sent the English manuscripts of his three novels – The Death Ship, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre and The Bridge in the Jungle – to the New York City publishing house Alfred A. Knopf for publication, claiming that these were the original versions of the novels and that the earlier published German versions were only translations of them. B. Traven (German: [ˈbeː ˈtʁaːvn̩]; Bruno Traven in some accounts) was the pen name of a presumably German novelist, whose real name, nationality, date and place of birth and details of biography are all subject to dispute. Neither the European nor the American publishers of the writer ever met him personally or, at least, the people with whom they negotiated the publication and later also the filming of his books always maintained they were only Traven's literary agents; the identity of the writer himself was to be kept secret. B. Traven in Mexico is also connected with the names of Berick Traven Torsvan and Hal Croves, both of whom appeared and acted in different periods of the writer's life. Croves underwent surgery for progressive deafness in Berlin in 1959. He was finally arrested and imprisoned as a foreigner without a residence permit in Brixton Prison, London, on 30 November 1923. Later, from 1930, he lived for 20 years in a house with a small restaurant on the outskirts of Acapulco from which he set off on his travels throughout Mexico. From the 1940s onwards many of his short stories also appeared in magazines and anthologies in different languages.[7]. [13] Further painting the lily, the name is an anagram of turma (herd in Romanian, accident in Finnish, and squadron or swarm in Latin). [13][14], Rolf Recknagel, an East German literary scholar from Leipzig, came to very similar conclusions as Erich Mühsam. ), ( In the book, two destitute American men in Mexico of the 1920s join an older American prospector in a search for gold. The Death Ship was the first novel of the mysterious German writer B. Traven. A solitary position in Traven's oeuvre is held by Land des Frühlings (Land of Springtime, 1928), a travel book about the Mexican state of Chiapas that doubles as a soapbox for the presentation of the leftist and anarchist views of its author. Microfilm Reels: T-14939 to T-15248, via ancestry.com. At present, this hypothesis is accepted by most "Travenologists". B. Traven was born on February 23, 1882 in Schwiebus, Prussia, Germany as Ret Marut. His other aliases include Hal Croves, Traven Torsvan and Ret Marut. The writer might have started this diary on his arrival in Mexico from Europe, and the above note could have expressed his willingness to cut himself from his European past and start a new existence as B. However, Huston denied identifying Croves with Traven as early as 1948. The book was in turn adapted for film as Macario. B. Traven was the pen name of a presumably German novelist, whose real name, nationality, . The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; Board of Trade: Commercial and Statistical Department and successors: Inwards Passenger Lists. Professional politicians, including ones who sympathize with the left, are usually shown in a negative light, if shown at all. Tapio Helen points out that the adoption of such a version of the writer's biography would be very difficult to reconcile with the many Americanisms in his works and the general spirit of American culture pervading them; these must be proof of at least a long life of the writer in the American environment which was not the case in Feige's or Marut's biography. Read 158 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Wieder, as an employee of the Büchergilde Gutenberg book club, had already been cooperating with the writer since 1933. Counterpoint: Yes, Trump Represents Fascism. Traven's last novel, published in 1960, was Aslan Norval (so far not translated into English), the story of an American millionairess who is married to an aging businessman and at the same time in love with a young man; she intends to build a canal running across the United States as an alternative for the nuclear arms race and space exploration programs. Follow to get new release updates and improved recommendations. He once wrote "I shall always and at all times prefer to be pissed on by dogs than reveal who I am." Croves was also present at the next meeting in Acapulco and later, as a technical advisor, on location during the shooting of the film in Mexico in 1947. Born in Germany or Chicago, Traven spent much of his adult life in Mexico. The main character of the novel is again Gerard Gales, a sailor who, having lost his documents, virtually forfeits his identity, the right to normal life and home country and, consequently, is forced to work as a stoker's helper in extremely difficult conditions on board a "death ship" (meaning a coffin ship), which sails on suspicious voyages around the European and African coasts. For example, in 1947, she went to Europe to represent him in contacts with his publishers; finally, in 1948, her name (along with Josef Wieder from Zurich) appeared as the copyright holder of his books. ). He … He was a writer and actor, known for The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), Macario (1960) and La rebelión de los colgados (1954). On the same day, his wife announced at a press conference that her husband's real name was Traven Torsvan Croves, that he had been born in Chicago on 3 May 1890 to a Norwegian father Burton Torsvan and a mother Dorothy Croves of Anglo-Saxon descent and that he had also used the pseudonyms B. Traven and Hal Croves during his life. While residing there he gathered further experiences he harvested i… His other aliases include Hal Croves, Traven Torsvan and Ret Marut. Both, however, denied being Traven and claimed that they were his literary agents only, representing him in contacts with his publishers. [39] Traven is therefore not, as other theories suggest, son of a fisherman, a farmer or a theater impresario. Doubts about Aslan Norval remain and exacerbate the problems of the writer's identity and the true authorship of his books. The commercial success of the novel The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, published in English by Knopf in 1935, induced the Hollywood production company Warner Bros. to buy the film rights in 1941. It has not been translated into English. He formally ran an inn there; however, his shabby joint did not have many customers; Torsvan himself was a recluse, called El Gringo by his neighbours, which would confirm his American nationality. See Tapio Helen's article. The story, whose English title was The Healer, was honored by The New York Times as the best short story of the year in 1953. The impassionate but illiterate Indians and the corrupt political officials collide in a riveting conclusion in this first volume of the critically acclaimed but overlooked work from the late pseudonymous writer who has come "... to be recognized as one of the narrative masters of the twentieth century." 17 The first entry is from 11 July 1924, and on 26 July the following significant sentence appeared in the notebook: "The Bavarian of Munich is dead". Government is the first installment of B. Traven's legendary Jungle Novels, a series of six books detailing the oppression and subsequent uprising of the Mexican Revolution.The story follows Don Gabriel, a bureaucratic official in an isolated government outpost in a remote village. The circumstances of this journey are not clear either. Macario is the story of a poor man who has been hungry all his life. 7 This information was provided by Traven’s translator Esperanza López Mateos, who had a close relationship with B. Traven and addressed him as "Mauricio". "- University Review, The first novel from the elusive author of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre.Set in the 1920s in Mexico, B. Traven’s The Cotton-Pickers tells the story of Gerald Gales, who drifts in and out of jobs--on a cotton plantation, an oil field, in a pastry shop, and on a ranch--exposing the dangerous exploitation at each station and fomenting workers’ rights along the way. Later, when B. Traven's first novels appeared, Mühsam compared their style and content with Marut's Der Ziegelbrenner articles and came to the conclusion that they must have been written by one and the same person. [13], In October 1959, Hal Croves and Rosa Elena Luján visited Germany to take part in the premiere of the film The Death Ship based on Traven's novel. Select the department you want to search in. Traven is a pseudonym. "B. Traven is coming to be recognized as one of the narrative masters of the twentieth century." The notions of "justice" or Christian morality, which are so visible in adventure novels by other authors, for example Karl May, are of no importance here. After the wedding, they moved to Mexico City, where they ran the Literary Agency R.E. On the 100th anniversary of the end of the Bavarian Soviet Republic Timothy Heyman, the husband of B. Traven's stepdaughter Malú Montes de Oca and co-manager of the B. Traven estate, published an article in the Mexican magazine Letras libres[35] that reintroduced a hitherto neglected theory. [12], Ret Marut was held in Brixton prison until 15 February 1924. John Huston adapted the book as a 1948 film of the same name A CULT MASTERPIECE—THE ADVENTURE NOVEL THAT INSPIRED JOHN HUSTON'S CLASSIC FILM, BY THE ELUSIVE AUTHOR WHO WAS A MODEL FOR THE HERO OF ROBERTO BOLAÑO'S 2666.Little is known for certain about B. Traven. The problem is made even more complex by the fact that Traven's books published in English are full of Germanisms whereas those published in German full of Anglicisms. The book was only accepted after its thorough stylistic editing by Johannes Schönherr who adapted its language to the "Traven style". Help us improve our Author Pages by updating your bibliography and submitting a new or current image and biography. Macario book. Despite this, Traven's books are par excellence political works. “Readers who ignore the genius of B. Traven do so at their peril.” - The New York Times B Traven’s Jungle Novels comprises six books written during the 1930s that observe the poor conditions of the Mexican Indians living in the southern state of Chiapas, whose forced work under exploitative conditions and labor camps foment rebellion and start the beginnings of the Mexican Revolution. Traven's real name was Moritz Rathenau. During the visit reporters tried to induce Croves to admit to being Traven, but in vain. [32] These documents are evidence that Traven/Torsvan/Croves are one and the same person, and that rather than "disappearing", Torsvan took on his mother's supposed maiden name of Croves sometime after 1959. First published in 1935, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is Traven's most famous and enduring work, the dark, savagely ironic, and riveting story of three down-and-out Americans hunting for gold in Sonora. He acted as a writer and the alleged representative of B. Traven, on behalf of whom he negotiated the publication and filming of his books with publishers and film producers. [6], The writer with the pen name B. Traven appeared on the German literary scene in 1925, when the Berlin daily Vorwärts, the organ of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, published the first short story signed with this pseudonym on 28 February. The person most commonly identified as Traven is Ret Marut, a German stage actor and anarchist who supposedly left Europe for Mexico around 1924 and who had edited an anarchist newspaper in Germany called Der Ziegelbrenner (The Brick Burner). The title of the first book edition was Der Wobbly, a common name for members of the anarcho-syndicalist trade union Industrial Workers of the World; in later editions the original title Die Baumwollpflücker was restored. Wyatt and Robinson did research in the Polish archives and confirmed the authenticity of these facts; both the date and place of birth, and the given names of Feige's parents, agreed with Marut's testimony. He was sentenced to death, but managed to escape and went to Mexico again. ), Top subscription boxes – right to your door, © 1996-2020, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. This excitement was partly fuelled by Warner Bros. itself; American newspapers wrote at length about a mysterious author who took part incognito in the filming of the film based on his own book. A recluse, Traven refused personal data to publishers; hence many theories have arisen as to his parentage, his nationality, and his general identity. Torsvan also travelled to Chiapas as well as to other regions of Mexico later, probably gathering materials for his books. Evidence suggests that he was born Otto Feige in Schlewsig-Holstein and that he escaped a death sentence for his involvement with the anarchist underground in Bavaria. . Marut also became politically engaged when, in 1917, he launched the periodical Der Ziegelbrenner (The Brick Burner) with a clearly anarchistic profile (its last issue appeared in 1921). "The Jungle Novels constitute one of the richest portraits of revolution in all literature. Neither the European nor the American publishers of the writer ever met him personally or, at least, the people with whom they negotiated the publication and later also the filming of his books always maintained they were only Traven's literary agents; the identity of th… Son cuentos sobre la vida de algunos indígenas mexicanos en la época de Traven, quien aprovecha su conocimiento de la cultura mexicana, para dejar en el lector una enseñanza practica de contenido moral, o en otros casos, son relatos de experiencias de extranjeros que vinieron a residir en México durante la misma época de Traven. Unlike much of adventure or Western fiction, Traven's books, however, are not only characterized by a detailed description of the social environment of their protagonists but also by the consistent presentation of the world from the perspective of the "oppressed and exploited". [13], Hal Croves died in Mexico City on 26 March 1969. B. Traven's novels and short stories became very popular as early as the interwar period and retained this popularity after the Second World War; they were also translated into many languages. The Jungle Novels are a group of six novels (including The Carreta and Government), published in the years 1930–1939 and set among Mexican Indians just before and during the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century. When the film became a box office and won three Academy Awards the public clamored for information about the author. Asked by crew members if he was Traven, he always denied it, but he did so in such a way that the questioners came to the conclusion that he and Traven were indeed the same person. [13], This seemed at first to be the definitive solution to the riddle of the writer's biography – B. Traven was, as he always claimed himself, an American, not the German Ret Marut. In the light of findings of Traven's biographers, The Death Ship may be regarded as a novel with autobiographical elements. [26] According to this hypothesis (which was published by Schmid under the pseudonym Gerard Gale! Traven knew that values like credibility and authenticity were effective criteria in the literary matters he dealt with and that he needed to consider them. Besides the already mentioned Macario, the writer adapted the Mexican legend about The Creation of the Sun and the Moon (Sonnen-Schöpfung, with a Czech translation published in 1934 and the German original in 1936). The Death Ship was published by Knopf in 1934; it was soon followed by further Traven books that appeared in the United States and the United Kingdom. Traven's books were forbidden in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, and the author transferred the publication rights to the branch of Büchergilde in Zurich, Switzerland, where the publishers also emigrated. Mass Market Paperback ), ( Form 30A, 1919-1924 (Ocean Arrivals). [23], After his release from the London prison, Ret Marut supposedly traveled from Europe to Mexico. Robinson showed photographs of Marut and Traven to a brother and a sister of Feige, and they appeared to recognise the person in the photos as their brother. According to Huston, "Croves gave an impression quite unlike the one I had formed of Traven from reading his scripts and correspondence." Above all, his performance was self-fulfilment, and after that the creation of an artist. Publicado originalmente en 1956, está compuesto por diez cuentos cortos que relatan la realidad mexicana, en los que se describen costumbres y formas de pensar del pueblo mexicano, ambientados en poblaciones típicas, descritos en una prosa privilegiada con agudeza e ingenio. [18] The journalists gained access to Ret Marut's files in the United States Department of State and the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office; from these they discovered that Marut attempted to travel from Europe, via Britain, to Canada in 1923, but was turned back from that country. In 1947, four years before her death, she had revealed the story in writing to Mexican cinematographer Gabriel Figueroa, her brother-in-law. The expanded book edition was published in 1926 by the Berlin-based Buchmeister publishing house, which was owned by the left-leaning trade-unions-affiliated book sales club Büchergilde Gutenberg. 4.4 out of 5 stars 61 He remained silent until 1990. The film, starring Humphrey Bogart and Walter Huston, was a great commercial success, and in 1949 it won three Academy Awards. Esperanza López Mateos died, committing suicide, in 1951; her successor was Rosa Elena Luján, Hal Croves' future wife. Upon disembarking in Canada, he declared his intent to travel to the United States via Canada, that he was born in the US, a US citizen, had 50 dollars in his possession, and listed his occupation as a farmer and his language as "American". It is based on the novel of the same name by B. Traven, loosely based in an old border legend, set in the Viceroyalty of New Spain Page 5/24 Download Ebook Macario B Traven Macario by B. Traven - Goodreads Macario is a 1960 Mexican supernatural drama film directed by Roberto Gavaldón and starring Ignacio López Tarso and Pina Pellicer. The first collection of Traven's short stories, entitled Der Busch, appeared in 1928; its second, enlarged edition was published in 1930. Often stayed and worked until 1931 Schmid under the same title ( the Treasure the. Happy ; he loved both the theater and women arrested and imprisoned a. Article in the newspaper Hoy on 14 August surrounds Traven, who a... 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