[316] Nicholas Kozloff, Chávez's biographer, stated of Chávez's economic policies: "Chávez has not overturned capitalism, he has done much to challenge the more extreme, neo-liberal model of development. [44][45] Hugo described his childhood as "poor ... [but] very happy",[46] though his childhood of supposed poverty has been disputed as Chávez possibly changed the story of his background for political reasons. The referendum in December 1999 on whether to adopt it saw a low turnout with an abstention vote of over 50%. [321] Between 1998 and 2006 malnutrition related deaths fell by 50%. [420] Of the 31,096 complaints, 3% of the cases resulted in only in an indictment by the Venezuelan Public Ministry. The Mayor of London Ken Livingstone welcomed him, describing him as "the best news out of Latin America in many years". [408] Human rights groups accused Chávez of creating a climate of fear that threatened the independence of the judiciary. Durante el embarazo la cantidad media de calorías en una mujer normal menor de 30 años es de unas 2.000 calorías al día. Please don’t let me die), because he loved his country, he sacrificed himself for his country". He also wrote poetry, fiction, and drama, and painted,[59] and he researched the life and political thought of 19th-century South American revolutionary Simón Bolívar. [305] The poverty rate fell from 48.6% in 1999 to 32.1% in 2013, according to the Venezuelan government's National Statistics Institute (INE). [186], The first organized protest against the Bolivarian government occurred in January 2001, when the Chávez administration tried to implement educational reforms through the proposed Resolution 259 and Decree 1.011, which would have seen the publication of textbooks with a heavy Bolivarian bias. Democracy Now! [216], Chávez's response was to moderate his approach,[disputed – discuss] implementing a new economic team that appeared to be more centrist and reinstated the old board of directors and managers of the state oil company Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA), whose replacement had been one of the reasons for the coup. Charlie Devereux & Raymond Colitt. Its efforts were directed in the first place to studying the military history of Venezuela as a source of a military doctrine of our own, which up to then didn't exist". Most of them purportedly voted for him. Muchas gracias!! [186][187], The Chávez supporting constituent assembly[179] then put together a new constitution. Here he introduced new students to his so-called "Bolivarian" ideals and recruited some of them. [206] In April 2002, Chávez appointed his allies to head the PDVSA and replaced the company's board of directors with loyalists who had "little or no experience in the oil industry", mocking the PDVSA executives on television as he fired them. Use of internet and mobile phones are also a commonplace where criminals can take part in street crime while in prison. [213] Military officers, including General Raúl Baduel, a founder of Chávez's MBR-200, then decided that they had to pull support from Chávez to deter a massacre[213] and shortly after at 8:00 pm, Vásquez Velasco, together with other ranking army officers, declared that Chávez had lost his support. [202] Others did not hold such a strong view but still argued that Chávez was a "free-spending, authoritarian populist" whose policies were detrimental to the country. [179][190] The assembly also gave the military a mandated role in the government by empowering it to ensure public order and aid national development, which the previous constitution had expressly forbidden. [410] Freedom House listed Venezuela as being "partly free" in its 2011 Freedom in the World annual report, noting a recent decline in civil liberties. [202][203] This move antagonized the opposition movement particularly strongly. [494], Maduro alleged that Chávez was poisoned or infected with a cancer virus by the U.S. 70% of the eligible Venezuelan population turned out to vote, with 59% of voters deciding to keep the president in power. [375], According to the cables, Hugo Chávez used "practically unlimited state resources" for propaganda activities, and high oil prices facilitated his success. Product Support How to contact the manufacturer for warranty, technical and product support. [183][184] Most jurists believed that the new constituent assembly had become the country's "supreme authority" and that all other institutions were subordinate to it. [clarification needed][466] Among other things, he cursed the state of Israel,[467] and he had some disputes with both the Venezuelan Catholic clergy and Protestant groups like the New Tribes Mission,[468][469] whose evangelical leader he "condemned to hell". [386][387][388], According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), "Chavez's government funded FARC's office in Caracas and gave it access to Venezuela's intelligence services" and said that during the 2002 coup attempt that "FARC also responded to requests from [Venezuela's intelligence service] to provide training in urban terrorism involving targeted killings and the use of explosives". The judiciary also befriended pariah states such as the worship of the other Latin American leftists like president. 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