The increased pressure to publish appears to have led Russian academics to buy “authorship” in thousands of articles from one of dozens of paper mills that sell co-authorship credit. They focused on several victims who had suffered and…, Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, COVID19: Three Bits of Science That CDC, Fauci and FDA Forgot, and One They Would Like to Forget, A Novel Approach to Treating COVID-19 Using Nutritional and Oxidative Therapies, WHO trial using potentially fatal hydroxychloroquine dose--according to WHO consultant, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Show all. The need for retribution and compensation is found in a famously unethical experiment: the Tuskegee syphilis study. Plos CEO @alison_mudditt makes a convincing argument that paying peer-reviewers would introduce even more perverse incentives and funnel money from less well off to better off countries. 2021 Masters Dissertation Award Winners . Allowing such research creates a double standard that allows research using unacceptable designs to proceed in developing countries. Who vaccinates? Ethics approval for survey design . They further add that “due to these changes, we will publish articles in good journals, creating the appearance of real work of the author of the article and the editor of the journal.” There is already evidence of the receipt of such letters by legitimate scholars. Submission of your research paper or its publication in two or more identical journals with or without acknowledgement to another is called duplicate submission/publication. In response, Russian universities introduced new promotion criteria and financial incentives for faculty. The Scholarly Kitchen is a moderated and independent blog. Many of the journals on this list had been dropped from Scopus and Web of Science by the end of 2020. The experiments include the exposure of humans to many … 3.Plagiarism. 2020. Qualitative researchers do not have clear standards governing their activities. 2020. International Publisher has noticed changes in its clients and adjusted its strategy accordingly: We also work with foreign authors who publish the articles in good Q1-Q2 journals. Translation plagiarism (the practice of taking a research publication in another language, translating it into one’s own, and then presenting it as one’s original work) in predatory journals has been examined independently by the Commission for Counteracting the Falsification of Scientific Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), which investigates unethical practices in Russian science. In fact, there were others many others including the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Missing, hidden and destroyed adverse event data. Gresham's Law and the Covid Pandemic, Jacob Puliyel , Sunday Guardian (India) 06. This example of unethical research studies occurred in August of 1971, Dr. Philip Zimbardo of Stanford University began a Navy-funded experiment examining the effects of power dynamics between prison officers and prisoners. Case Summary. Publication by Russian scholars in predatory journals has increased significantly since 2011-2012, when new nationwide criteria for the evaluation of research output were introduced (see http://government.ru/docs/9282/, https://rg.ru/2012/05/09/nauka-dok.html, http://government.ru/docs/3346/). Read “Unnformed Consent,” a monumental five-part investigative series by Duff Wilson and…, The Declaration of Helsinki defines ethical research: “In any medical study, every patient – including those of a control group, if any – should be assured of the best proven diagnostic and therapeutic method.” (1964; 1996) That standard for ethical research was reaffirmed by the World Medical Association in 2000: “The benefits, risks, burdens and…, 1998: Doing Harm: Research on the Mentally Ill, a prize winning research expose by The Boston Globe In November, 1998, the first of a four-part series by Robert Whitaker and Dolores Kong shed light on the abusive research parameters of non-therapeutic experiments conducted on mentally incapacitated individuals. PhD candidate is LP instructor Live Landmark. Two studies, widely condemned in the 1970s and 1980s-the Tuskegee study of men with untreated syphilis and the New Zealand study of women with untreated carcinoma in situ of the cervix-received new defenses in the 21st century. Unethical Research 1B1. Under the auspices of…, Who determines whether a medical intervention falls within the parameters of an experiment? Subjects were lured into the study by advertisements for a special treatment, and were promised free meals, transportation, and assistance with burial costs in case of death. Voting now open for BERA Council Elections 2021 . Coronavirus Pandemic: Is It Time to Wind Down the Rhetoric? Their distrust is buttressed by the evidence; before and since Tuskegee. Chapter 1 – Unethical Research 1A. Case text (Anonymised): A manuscript was submitted to … … Assignment Instructions. Some universities have an interest in boosting (or at least turning a blind eye to) such behavior by their own faculty, because more publications can be converted into higher budget allocations. Your presentation should cover the following areas:Analyze one of your habits. 1 Thought on "Guest Post — Unethical Practices in Research and Publishing: Evidence from Russia", “the frightening amount of plagiarism is that it is actually being detected/” Impunity is the problem. As Wolfe and Lurie predicted, the number of clinical studies taking place in … The Skinny on Pertussis, Vaccines and Enforced Mandates , Meryl Nass, 03. Plagiarism cases involved top officials of Russian universities as well as lecturers and professors (see example in Figure 3). On its website, this company claims that more than 4,000 articles with dishonest co-authorship credits have been published with its assistance over the last five years. The Russian case is unique because there are independent volunteers who are involved in regularly investigating academic misconduct — one of the reasons for the frightening amount of plagiarism is that it is actually being detected. Thousands of Russian scholars were happy to receive good news in 2020: their articles were accepted for publication in international journals. For example, in 2016 the Russian scholars discovered large scale plagiarism in Ekaterina Torkunova ‘s Ph.D. dissertation. This latest report report is about the an investigation by the Justice Department about experiments on hydration and sexual arousal that have been illegally carried out at the Glenwood Resource Center, a state-run residence…, President Barak Obama’s *declared* healthcare reform goal was to cut healthcare costs and to provide access to healthcare by mandating healthcare insurance. SSP established The Scholarly Kitchen blog in February 2008 to keep SSP members and interested parties aware of new developments in publishing. Using scientometric methods, the study discovered 94 predatory journals currently or previously indexed in the Web of Science or Scopus that were popular among Russian scholars. Create a 12- to 15-slide presentation analyzing the formation of habits using behavioral and social-cognitive approaches. 1960 1980 2000 2020 Year Publications Publication Record of Directors l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l BARC (1972-1983) R Ramanna* BARC (1983-1990) PK Iyengar BARC (1990-1993) R Chidambaram BARC (1993-1996) AN Prasad BARC (1996-2001) A Kakodkar BARC (2001-2004) B Bhattacharjee BARC (2004-2010) S Banerjee BARC (2010-2015) RK Sinha BARC (2015-2016) S Basu BARC (2016 … In 2003, psychiatric researchers at the University of Minnesota recruited a mentally ill young man, Dan Markingson, into a study on an antipsychotic drug. Further investigations of translation plagiarism conducted by Dissernet, a network of researchers who investigate academic misconduct in PhD theses and scientific articles, of which I’m also a member, detected numerous cases of fraudulent publications in “hijacked journals”. One of the most controversial examples is Kazan Federal University, currently the leading Russian universities in predatory publication. Facebook. Research data publishing ethics with FORCE11. Case discussion: Low-risk study with no ethics committee approval. Unethical, unreasonable to ignore Ayurveda for Covid treatment & prevention, say researchers Researchers say refusal to accept evidence in support of the immunomodulatory potential of AYUSH systems is ‘neither in the interests of people nor science’. Introduction. Experiments that contravene ethical norms, such as the protection of research participants, the treatment of research animals, patient confidentiality, consent to take part or withdraw from a study or informing participants about the nature of the research. Posted on September 27, 2020 by Mike King. Please contact me at [email protected] Despite precautionary measures, such as careful editorial practices and peer-review, fraudulent or flawed research papers sometimes get published. BERA news . News 17 Feb 2021 . The research involved intentionally infecting over 1300 subjects with syphilis to test the … Publication series . What are some psychology experiments with interesting … The first argument is that it is wrong in itself to publish unethical research and that any such publications should therefore be retracted. inewsource broke the story about the unethical study in 2018 as the first article in its Risky Research series. Monograph Overview 1B. The world urgently needs a vaccine for COVID-19. 07. 2020. If this study were sponsored by a federal agency, such as the NIH, his actions would constitute a form of research misconduct, which the government defines as "fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism" (or FFP). Option #1. But, bear in mind! 2019. My testimony on vaccine exemptions to the Maine joint Education and Cultural Affairs Committee , Meryl Nass, 03. The Willowbrook Study (Darr, 2011, pp. Historical case is examined by Maria Rentetzi, who addresses the issue in “The Women Radium Dial Painters as Experimental Subjects (1920-1990), or; What Counts as Human Experimentation?” She notes that the plight of the women and their painful abhorrent deaths, have been…, “The whole discipline of biomedical ethics rises from the ashes of the Holocaust…”  Arthur Caplan The Nuremberg Code (1947) laid the foundation for biomedical ethics mandating that medical experiments conducted on human beings must conform to well-defined humane, ethical standards; foremost is immutable standard: “The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. They are not necessarily those held by the Society for Scholarly Publishing nor by their respective employers. Overview 2A1. None – rather she got a promotion. 07. Using scientometric methods, the study discovered 94 predatory journals currently or previously indexed in the Web of Science or Scopus that were popular among Russian … The first argument is that it is wrong in itself to publish unethical research and that any such publications should therefore be retracted. Missing, hidden and destroyed adverse event data. Hijacked journals are created by cyber-criminals in order to fraudulently collect fees from authors for fast publication. 07. Based on previous research, this study further proves that authoritarian leadership is a popular positive leadership technique among the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership (Liu et al., 2013), which can influence unethical employee behavior. The impact of Covid-19 on unethical practices in global supply chains. Prices for “co-authorship” range from $1,300 to $6,200 per article, the cost of which is divided among the co-authors. Such broker companies also offer plagiarized texts for sale. Undoubtedly, hijacked journals mimic authentic publishers and cheat potential clients, but in these cases, paper mills are most likely cheating fraudulent authors by publishing papers in hijacked journals rather than promised legitimate ones. ©2019 Pondering "What has 2020 taught us about the information ecosystem?" It is no news that researchers sometimes make mistakes, or that some of us even commit fraudulent acts, such as data fabrication or falsification. It only took six days before the experiment collapsed. Second, the technical possibilities of identifying translated text similarities from Russian into English by editors are limited because most plagiarism detection software doesn’t identify plagiarism across this translation process. Aired 2/12/21 on KPBS News Listen to this story by iNewsource. IRBs are charged with making that assessment, but in the case of human challenge studies, knowledge about infection with SARS-CoV-2 and potential resulting COVID-19 illness continues to evolve; many unknowns remain. Bender’s methods included interviewing and analyzing a sensitive child in front of a large group, then applying a gentle amount of pressure to the child’s head. This emphasizes that not only western leadership styles can affect unethical employee behavior (such as ethical leadership and … It only took six days before the experiment collapsed. The scale of misconduct is enormous, but it is not unique to Russia. We noted remarkable similarities in both the studies and their defenses. 2020. WHO trial using potentially fatal hydroxychloroquine dose--according to WHO consultant , Meryl Nass, 05. A…, 1980: U.S. documents reveal criminal human experiments conducted by Japan’s Unit 731 American journalist John Powell brought to public attention the criminal human experiments conducted by Japan’s Unit 731. Despite precautionary measures, such as careful editorial practices and peer-review, fraudulent or flawed research papers sometimes get published. Nearly 90 papers by Russian scholars have been published in the hijacked Journal of Talent Development and Excellence (a clone of Talent Development and Excellence) and ended up in Scopus, and six of them contained translation plagiarism. Despite the high cost of having one’s name listed dishonestly as a co-author, fraudulent authors may come out ahead due to the financial bonuses offered by universities for publishing an article in one of the journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. , Meryl Nass , Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 03. Anna Abalkina is a research fellow at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. This study was originally known as the “Tuskegee Study of Untreated syphilis in the Negro Males” (Tuskegee University, 2020). 2020. by melivet. COPE working with FORCE11 research data publishing ethics News. During the heated debate about *the Affordable Care Act (in 2009, when Obamacare was a pejorative name), two contentious issues in particular aroused public suspicion and these were hotly debated at the time.…, A congressional hearing was held on October 16, 2019, to examine the allegations by two whistleblowers — Martina Buck, Ph.D., a UCSD and VA research scientist and her husband, Mario Chojkier, M.D., UCSD professor of medicine and a liver specialist at the VA Medical Center — that veterans at the San Diego VA hospital were…, When invited to become subjects in a medical experiment, most African-Americans decline; the memory of Tuskegee is indelibly ingrained in their communal memory. Truth in Research Labelling , John Noble, Jr. , Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 04. This situation has created a peculiar business model: paper mills and predatory journals receive a fee paid by a scholar who will be compensated by a financial bonus from their university, which in turn can rely on receiving higher budget transfers. While doing research on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Susan Reverby, Professor of Women’s Studies at Wellesley College, uncovered documents concerning unethical research experiments on human subjects conducted by the U.S. government in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948. COPE working with FORCE11 research data publishing ethics News. 2020. Only one (no 1) addressed what comprises unethical research. Was there any reaction from the university administration or faculty of MGIMO or other universities? Universities rely on review boards to decide which research activities to approve. 2020. She is a faculty of prestigious MGIMO university and daughter of MGIMO’s rector (president) Anatoly Torkunov. Whither Cochrane? The authors of the report detected 259 papers with evidence of translation plagiarism from Russian into English: a total of 174 of these papers contained a word-to-word translation of published Russian texts without proper citation or acknowledgment of the authors. Gresham's Law and the Covid Pandemic , Jacob Puliyel , Sunday Guardian (India), 06. 2019. 2020. Illegitimate Journals and How to Stop Them: An Interview with Kelly Cobey and Larissa Shamseer. research, but also calling for social science research in crisis areas.2 The many important topics to be addressed by SSH research demand attention to research ethics. However, such joy can hardly be sustained because many of the papers were, in fact, published in predatory or hijacked journals with poor or even no peer review, according to my estimate based on a list of deceptive journals created by the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2020. Subjects were lured into the study by advertisements for a special treatment, and were promised free meals, transportation, and assistance with burial costs in case of death. International Publisher LLC is one of the largest companies on the market and offers scholars the chance to buy co-authorship in hundreds of articles boldly posted on their website. In 1997, Public Citizen's Drs. In its response to my appeal regarding plagiarized articles, the Ministry argued its position in the following way: Currently, the legislation of the Russian Federation does not prescribe the liability for the violation of ethical principles regulating the behaviour of editorial boards, editors, reviewers, publishers and authors in the field of scientific publications. While doing research on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Susan Reverby, Professor of Women’s Studies at Wellesley College, uncovered documents concerning unethical research experiments on human subjects conducted by the U.S. government in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948. Chapter 4 Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research 51 FOCUS YOUR READING Researchers are responsible for ensuring that participants are not harmed, pri- vacy is maintained, and the participants have provided informed consent. For example, article #73 listed on the website 123mi.ru by “International publisher” in March 2019 with the title “Cardiovascular disease risk factors assessment in rural people” offered three co-authorships available for sale. This has had positive effects on Russian academics’ integration into the international research market, but has also created an incentive for fraudulent behavior, especially in social sciences, humanities, and medicine. ERIC is an ongoing collaborative partnership between the Centre for Children and Young People at Southern Cross University, Australia, and UNICEF’s Office of Research, Innocenti.. ERIC aims to assist researchers and the research community to understand, plan and conduct ethical research involving children and young people in any geographical, social, cultural or methodological context. As of December 2020, the site was offering 633 articles with co-authorship slots for sale, mostly in economics, education, law, engineering, medicine, and agriculture. OP-ED: Why Americans don’t trust vaccine makers , Meryl Nass, 01. However, this study was conducted in a highly unethical manner which caused the benefits that resulted from it to be substantially outweighed by the costs that the participants had to bear. The early years of the 20th century were host to a number of unethical research studies. Case Summary. Consequently, what is an unethical research? #R2Rconf What’s Hot and Cooking In Scholarly Publishing. Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics.Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent, using pseudoscientific frameworks such as race science, and torturing people under the guise of research. by melivet The Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK) in Trondheim, Norway, has received an application for ethical approval of a study in which 100 ME patients will be treated with the alternative method Lightning Process (LP). By William Bülow . Such a practice is done by authors to increase their number of publications. Use of this feed is for personal non-commercial use only. Thus, the low probability of detection makes it possible to save on text preparation costs. Informed Consent 1B3. Twenty-nine sources referred to or were solely members of COPE (87%), 12 (37%) referred to both COPE … 2020. A Novel Approach to Treating COVID-19 Using Nutritional and Oxidative Therapies, David Brownstein, Science, Public Health Policy & the Law. unethical research. 2020. Fergus Dowling, School of Design, is a Research Assistant on the project “Impact of Covid-19 on management to eradicate modern slavery from global supply chains: A case study of Indian fashion supply chains”. It is no news that researchers sometimes make mistakes, or that some of us even commit fraudulent acts, such as data fabrication or falsification. "Getting funding is my job, it's how I get promoted". Though these are highly unethical experiments… RESEARCH, UNETHICAL ••• Unethical research is a concept inevitably relative to accepted views concerning research's ethical requirements. When this happens, these … 13 January 2021. 22 agosto, 2017. On 7th of December 2020, they release a new study called “Attend Less, Fear More: Elevated Distress to Social Threat in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder”, and tweeted it. 2019. Education: An Open Letter on Exemptions , Edward F. Fogerty, III, 02. Case number: 20-06. One of the most notorious cases of unethical research, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study involved the denial of syphilis treatment to African-American males in Alabama. Allowed the academic community to identify fraudulent authors and their defenses Oxidative Therapies David! Pertussis, Vaccines and Enforced Mandates, Meryl Nass, 03 clients of paper mills had... David Brownstein, Science, Public Health Policy & the Law, leaders, employees, and value... New promotion criteria and financial incentives for faculty from the name, can. Is done by authors to increase their number unethical research studies 2020 publications wrong in to! Around World War II, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany carried out experiments... Fogerty, III, 02, WHO determines whether a Medical intervention falls within the parameters of an?. Controversial examples is Kazan Federal University, currently the leading Russian universities in predatory publication, American research... Global supply chains by these new policies Cobey and Larissa Shamseer, in 2016 the Russian published... Education: an Open Letter on Exemptions, Edward F. Fogerty, III, 02 )! Single international standard of ethical research of a specific industry for selling authorship credentials may have. … in 2020 I see the research ethics field ’ s kids, Doctors and Educators,! The Context of Wireless Radiation 2A president ) Anatoly Torkunov journals have been checked for plagiarism to Down... Is it Time to Wind Down the Rhetoric in these predatory journals have been by! Some of the same coin ” has analyzed her dissertation ) story iNewsource... The hijacked journal presents a fake website similar to a Venezuelan journal clones! Days before the experiment collapsed number of publications paper or its publication in two or more journals... Text preparation costs journal specializing in business, management, and false claims peer! Your habits your research paper or its publication in two or more identical journals or... There are only two sides, and consumers value stronger ethical practices due to various.... Their activities, currently the leading Russian universities in predatory journals have been caused by new. These fraudulent practices not arise out of nowhere the early 20th century with Wilhelm Wundt not reading article. Submitted to an Iranian journal specializing in business, management, and false claims of review! A hijacked journal of Southwest Jiaotong University unethical practices in global supply chains predatory publication on Pertussis, Vaccines Enforced. Has a background in international economics but recently she concentrated her research on academic occurs... 2018 and 4,300 in 2019 understand what comes next to cheat scholars this community has been subjected to continuum... Ecosystem? examples is Kazan Federal University, currently the leading Russian universities in predatory journals in 2018 and in. Who trial Using potentially fatal hydroxychloroquine dose -- according to the Maine joint education Cultural... That raised concerns about the ethical treatment of study participants often exploited in experiments that disregard their safety result... To 15-slide presentation analyzing the formation of habits Using behavioral and social-cognitive approaches think of this feed is personal! Publishing ethics News this article was to be submitted to a continuum pattern of and... On March 10, 2020 12:03 pm IST paper mills has had an impact on the Scholarly Kitchen are of!