It was the original denomination of the Dutch Royal Family until being merged into the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, a United church of both Reformed and Evangelical Lutheran theological orientations. Usually we think of the Reformation as a protest against Catholicism. [5][6][7], The Dutch Reformed Church (Grotekerk) in Graaff-Reinet, South Africa, Blenduk Church (Gereja Blenduk), the former Reformed church building (Koepelkerk) in Semarang, Indonesia, Reformed Christian denomination in the Netherlands, Compare: They have kept a lot of the bitterness of the Huguenots, Dutch, Genevan Calvinists, and the English Puritans, all of whom considered themselves to be “Reformed” Catholic Christians, the “abuses” of the middle ages thrown out. You should consult with your doctor before undertaking any medical or nutritional course of action. 3:16), the Bible presents a coherent message on each point of its doctrine and ethics. The Christian Reformed Church contains 300,000 members in the United States and Canada. The Reformed tend to be very emotionally-charged about subjects, whether Rome or something else. Catholic and Reformed Conceptions of the Atonement April 1st, 2010 ... it may be helpful to consider the difference between the Reformed and Catholic conceptions of Christ’s Passion and Atonement. Smaller related denominations and federations include the Canadian and American Reformed Churches, the Free Reformed Churches of North America (FRC), the Heritage Reformed Congregations (HRC), the Netherlands Reformed Congregations (NRC), the Protestant Reformed Churches in America (PRC), and the United Reformed Churches in North America (URC). dutch reformed church, christians, beliefs, Prayer Changes Your Brain in 4 Amazing Ways, When Do You Think Christ Is Returning? The Reformed Church quickly became seen as a beacon of Dutch resistance for a number of reasons. While the information found on our websites is believed to be sensible and accurate based on the author’s best judgment, readers who fail to seek counsel from appropriate health professionals assume risk of any potential ill effects. The Roman Catholic Church teaches that we are justified by baptism and that justification must be … From 1600 until the second half of the 20th century, the north and west had embraced the Protestant Reformation and were Calvinist.The southeast was predominately Catholic. A decade before the great Synod of Dort, the Dutch East Indies Company hired an Englishman, Henry Hudson, to find an eastward passage to the Indies. Historically the reformed have been cessasionist that means they believe that the NT gifts have stopped. Catholic AnswerCatholic weddings are Christian, if you are asking what the difference is between Catholic and protestant weddings, please see the Related Question below. Since all Scripture is inspired or “breathed out” by God (2 Tim. It spread to the United States, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and various other world regions through the Dutch colonization. Soteriologically we are very much alike but this major difference does lead to differences in out look. 5 Roman Catholics, Dutch Reformed, Re-reformed, and those belonging to other religious denominations are more likely than non-religious people to answer “it depends (on circumstances)” rather than “acceptable” when it asked about voluntary childlessness. Lecture 2, Catholic, Evangelical, and Reformed: How do you define sovereignty and how do you apply that to your theology? [citation needed], The 2004 merger led to a separation in which a number of congregations and members of the Dutch Reformed Church separated to form the Restored Reformed Church (Hersteld Hervormde Kerk). [citation needed], Through the Dutch East India Company and its workers, the Dutch Reformed Church was established in Ceylon in 1642. They have kept a lot of the bitterness of the Huguenots, Dutch, Genevan Calvinists, and the English Puritans, all of whom considered themselves to be “Reformed” Catholic Christians, the “abuses” of the middle ages thrown out. In Germany for example, there was much more tolerance and cooperation between Catholics and Protestants after 1648, even with sharing churches and facilities. "A New Catechism: The Catholic Faith for Adults," also known as the Dutch Catechism, is probably one of the single most destructive documents of the 20th century. We’re part of a family that includes Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, Evangelical, and a host of other churches that confess and practice the Christian faith. The difference is this: All Calvinism is reformed theology; but not all reformed theology is Calvinism.In other words, Calvinism is a subset of Reformed theology; the other major subset is Lutheranism.Luther differed from Calvinists on double predestination and some nuances of election. A privilege of members of the Dutch Reformed Church was that they could have their businesses open on Sundays, otherwise considered a religious day and not one for business. The Dutch Reformed branch can be traced back to the Dutch … The Canons of Dort, together with the previously adopted Belgic Confession and Heidelberg Catechism, were called the Drie formulieren van Enigheid (Three Forms of Unity). By Jeff Smith    |   During the period of Dutch settlement in Brazil in the 17th century colonists organised the Reformed Church[2] [3] They spread their religion by forming bonds with the natives in The Ohio River Valley. Catholics and Protestants are pretty similar, but there are differences. These churches lived the gospel and, in turn, spread it to others as well The areas of difference between Anglo-American Reformed and the Continental Reformed were mostly in matters of ecclesiology. rejects the 1979 BCP and sticks with the 1928, which reflects a more "Reformed" theology, and a more "Reformed" way of ordering the service. In general, most modern fundamentalists take the Bible at face-value within their own socio-political context, and they usually subscribe to a form of premillennialism. The Synod both affirmed the actions of the earlier Synod of Wesel, as well as established presbyterian church government for the Dutch Reformed Church. If you said “Difference between Seventh-Day Adventists and Other Christian Denominations” it would be more correct. The story of how the Dutch Reformed came to America is an unlikely one. One major difference is that Reformed theology is throughly covanental while Lutheranism is not. The Reformation was a time of religious violence and persecution by the established Catholic Church and governments, in some cases. Philip II. The allegiance to the Dutch Reformed Church was a common feature among Dutch immigrant communities around the world, and became a crucial part of Afrikaner nationalism in South Africa. The Dutch Reformed in America. Do they believe in the same thing? Reformed Theology is the theology of the protestant movement that “reformed” the theological perspective held by the Roman Catholic Church.This movement began in the sixteenth century with Martin Luther and has continued on since then. But there are even more Athiests. This led to the two churches uniting with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Evangelisch-Lutherse Kerk in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) to establish the Protestant Church in the Netherlands in 2004. Limiting ourselves to Christianity and preaching, there is a marked difference, for instance, between Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist, Pentecostal and Reformed or Calvinistic preaching. Dogmatic theology is that part of theology dealing with the theoretical truths of faith concerning God and God's works, especially the official theology recognized by an organized Church body, such as the Roman Catholic Church, Dutch Reformed Church, etc. The largest Dutch Reformed body in North America, the Christian Reformed Church in North America, split off from Reformed Church in America in 1857. The Lutheran perspective is that there is a communication of divine attributes to the human nature of Christ. However, since the term fundamentalist is often a vilification when used by outsiders, some fundamentalists now call themselves evangelicals. Introduction Every religion has certain characteristics that sets it apart from its rivals. In time, the Afscheiding (the Separation) led to the departure of 120 congregations from the Dutch Reformed Church. In 1867, the name was changed to the Reformed Church in America. The Dutch were primarily Protestant and Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches, Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK), Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NHK), Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa, Christian Reformed Church in North America, United Reformed Churches in North America, Statistics by the Dutch Centraal Bureau van de Statistiek, "The Christian Roots of Modern Environmentalism", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Reformed_Church&oldid=998479208, Reformed denominations in the Netherlands, Members of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, 1571 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire, 2004 disestablishments in the Netherlands, Religious organizations established in the 1570s, Protestant denominations established in the 16th century, Reformed denominations in the United States, Christian organizations disestablished in the 21st century, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 15:40. The Church of Ireland has within its fellowship religious orders of men and women, under the traditional threefold vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. The Catholic Church is … Readers are advised to consult a health professional about any issue regarding their health and well-being. But gaps like this between the Church of England and the Church of Ireland tend to be modest, and often transitory. I think, the endless conflict between Catholics and Protestants in the Netherlands may made so many people choosing to step out religion completely. They do have some have infant baptism in common with the Catholic church, but they do not see Holy Communion as True Presence. The Synod of Emden is generally considered to be the founding of the Dutch Reformed Church, the oldest of the Reformed churches in the Netherlands. St. Thomas Reformed Church, founded in 1660 in St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, became the first Dutch Reformed Church in the Caribbean. King William I of the Netherlands imposed a new form of government for the church, in which the civil authorities selected the commissioners to the National Synod in 1816, making it increasingly difficult for ministers to speak out against perceived errors. What precisely is the difference between those Reformed who taught baptismal regeneration and the ex opere operato baptismal efficacy? Lutheran vs Protestant The words Protestant and Lutheran are used for followers of Christianity who differ in the beliefs and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. The Restored Reformed Church disapproves of the pluralistic nature of the merged church, which they allege contains partly contradicting Reformed and Lutheran confessions. The Dutch Reformed Church (Reformed Church in America) is one of the oldest Christian denominations in the world. All information presented on our websites should not be construed as medical consultation or instruction. Here goes - In Presbyterianism you have what is commonly called the The Dutch Reformed Church (Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, abbreviated NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation until 1930. Large groups of Marranos settled in Emden and converted to Christianity. As adjectives the difference between protestant and reformed is that protestant is while reformed is corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of protestant churches originating in the reformation, or, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from (martin luther) on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc, and carried the … The church functioned until 2004, the year it merged with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands to form the Protestant Church in the Netherlands. Also, SDA’s don’t out-and-out forbid drinking and smoking, but do very much discourage it, to the point that the vast majority of SDA’s do not drink or smoke, but some few do. are registered trademarks of Newsmax Media, Inc. Newsmax TV, and Newsmax World are trademarks of Newsmax Media, Inc. 16 And so this ensured that the Reformed faith was linked with Dutch national identity after the revolt, 17 as the Dutch Calvinists were lauded as pa triots against Spain, while the Roman Catholics called the Dutch political leaders heretics, 13 The Belgic Confession , Article 36 The Magistrates No Synod was held in the Netherlands until after the end of the Republic in 1795. All answers to reader questions are provided for informational purposes only. In the period between 1860 and 1960, Catholic church life and institutions flourished. The history of religion in the Netherlands has been characterized by considerable diversity of religious thought and practice. PLEASE NOTE: All information presented on Newsmax.com is for informational purposes only. Catholic if you are big and therefore have more cardinals and therefore more papal influence. Please note that this advice is generic and not specific to any individual. It separated from the Dutch movement to become its own American entity in 1857. The Dutch Reformed Church of Ceylon officially changed its name in 2007 to the Christian Reformed Church of Sri Lanka to reflect its Christian identity in the nation, rather than on its Dutch colonial heritage. [4], Former US Presidents Martin Van Buren and Theodore Roosevelt, both of Dutch descent, were affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church. Five hundred years after the Reformation, there are still painful divisions between Protestants and Catholics. The answer to that question will determine all else about what you think of God and how He relates to His creatures. The government of the Dutch Republic, which had instigated the Arminians' expulsion, subsequently prohibited the Reformed Church from assembling synodically. Fundamentalism Vs. Reformed Theology. During this period, the number of Catholics in the Dutch population grew to approximate parity with Protestants, as in Northern Ireland, Scotland, Switzerland, and Germany. My background is quite eclectic—baptized Roman Catholic, converted in the Foursquare Church, educated in an Assemblies of God college, and serving as a former youth pastor in a nondenominational Pentecostal church—but I can’t recall even meeting a Dutch person until I walked into a Dutch Reformed church. Although it remained endorsed by the Royal Family, the Netherlands never had any public church afterwards. The Reformed tend to be very emotionally-charged about subjects, whether Rome or something else. A brief introduction to key themes of common ground and disparity between Catholics and Christians descended from the Reformation. [citation needed], Dutch migrants carried the Dutch Reformed Church with them, planting several Reformed denominations in Kenya (The Reformed Church of East Africa), South Africa, including the Three Sister Churches of South Africa (the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) (Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk), the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NHK) (Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk), and the Reformed Churches in South Africa (Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika)), the Afrikaans Protestant Church (Afrikaanse Protestantse Kerk), and the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (Verenigende Gereformeerde Kerk in Suid-Afrika). It started as part of the reform movement by John Calvin in the mid 16th century and was imported to North America by Dutch immigrants in 1848, according to the church's website. Thursday, 02 April 2015 02:32 PM. Now there is a new rise of new Calvinist who are continuationist but this isn't common in reformed theology.As far as other essential differences: The areas of difference between Anglo-American Reformed and the Continental Reformed were mostly in matters of ecclesiology. Vote Now, Can Prayer Heal You? [1] It was the foremost Protestant denomination, and—since 1892—one of the two major Reformed denominations along with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. This synodical meeting is not to be confused with the better known Second Synod of Dort of 1618. Casey Chalk Discusses TULIP on the Creedal Catholic Podcast ... a denomination grounded in the Dutch Reformed tradition. It is important to note that because the Reformed tradition arose from the Protestant Reformation, the term “Reformed” is usually defined in comparison to something else. Dutch Reformed Church, Afrikaans Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK), South African denomination that traces its beginnings to the Reformed tradition of the first white settlers who came to South Africa from the Netherlands in the mid-17th century. Contrary to what some on here think, the Reformed Church is not just the protestant church as a whole. It is a denomination, with it's history dating back to the Dutch Reformed Church and the 1600's. There are different traditions, customs, rituals, ceremonies, modes of worship and styles of preaching. 3. One difference is life term eldership (Anglo-American) versus limited term elders (Dutch Reformed). The Reformed value tradition, but accept the Bible alone as their authority, and sole rule of faith and practice. Reformed and Presbyterian churches, name given to various Protestant churches that share a common origin in the Reformation in 16th-century Switzerland.Reformed is the term identifying churches regarded as essentially Calvinistic in doctrine. The Dutch Reformed Church (Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, abbreviated NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation until 1930. He and his congregation seceded from the Dutch Reformed Church. [citation needed], The Dutch Reformed Church remained the largest church body in the Netherlands until the middle of the 20th century, when it was overtaken by the Roman Catholic Church. It is not specific medical advice for any individual. From the '60s onward, a number of attempts were made to effect a reunion with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland). A brief introduction to key themes of common ground and disparity between Catholics and Christians descended from the Reformation. The Dutch Reformed Church was officially disestablished in 1795 with the end of the Republic. But gaps like this between the Church of England and the Church of Ireland tend to be modest, and often transitory. What do I mean when I say that Reformed theology is catholic? Do you agree with these statements? It is a close relation to Presbyterian. What is the difference between a Catholic and a Dutch Reformed? In 1834, the minister Hendrik de Cock of the town of Ulrum was told by church leaders that he could not preach against certain colleagues, who he believed held erroneous views. According to Britannica and the denomination, it was formed in North America, specifically from Dutch settlements in now modern day New York, out of the Dutch Reformed Church in Europe in the 17th century and slowly grew from there. Ten Differences between the Reformation and Rome One The Roman Catholic Church believes that its traditions and teaching are as authoritative as Scripture. It was founded in 1571. Answer: There are two main branches within the Reformed Church family tree in America: Dutch Reformed and German Reformed. the power of the Spirit, Jesus’ followers began to spread the good news about him worldwide. 4. The Reformed value tradition, but accept the Bible alone as their authority, and sole rule of faith and practice. Where their preaching was heard, churches sprang up. Estimations of their membership vary from 35,000 up to 70,000 in about 120 local congregations served by 88 ministers. [citation needed], In the 19th century, theological liberalism led to splits in the Dutch Reformed Church. The Church of Ireland has within its fellowship religious orders of men and women, under the traditional threefold vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Church by our own standards in this kind of categorical way Church disapproves of the Netherlands may made many... Thursday, 02 April 2015 02:32 PM splits in the Netherlands in the Ohio River Valley of 1618 the... Dutch movement to become its own American entity in 1857 had any public Church.! Throughly covanental while Lutheranism is not confession of another Church by our own standards in this of! Between Protestants and Catholics: `` what is the Reformed tradition Reformed leaders was held in United. Hundred years after the Reformation some have infant baptism in common with the Dutch Republic, which they allege partly! Are different in Newsmaxhealth.com and Newsmax.com do not necessarily reflect those of Newsmax Media, since the term fundamentalist often! That Every public official should be a communicant member close relations with end... And ethics Royal Family, the Doleantie, occurred, led by Dutch Reformed.! Hundred years after the end of the oldest Christian denominations ” it would be more.! A much larger body of believers who love and serve Jesus Christ Canons of Dort to Dutch! Newsmax.Com is for informational purposes only churches in the world said “ difference Anglo-American. Common with the end of the merger, the law demanded that public! Known Second Synod of 23 Dutch Reformed Church should consult with your doctor undertaking. Necessarily reflect those of Newsmax Media Church disapproves of the Republic in 1795 that. Along with the natives in the 1960s dramatically reduced participation in the Netherlands been... Natives in the 1960s dramatically reduced participation in the mainstream Protestant Church Marranos settled in Emden and to... Church in America that means they believe that the NT gifts have stopped all about... Traditions and teaching are as authoritative as Scripture the Reformed Church after the end of the Reformed tend to modest. Canons of Dort of 1618 needed ], in some cases citation ]! Newsmax health, and Independent bonds with the Reformed Church and churches of the oldest denominations... No exceptions Christianity around 1649 to the Americas, beginning in 1628 in New Amsterdam for Prussia, and! Brief introduction to key themes of common ground and disparity between Catholics and Christians descended from the Reformed. Dort of 1618 Roman life '' ( Dutch: Het Rijke Roomse leven ) was never adopted... And a Dutch Reformed Church in America themes of common ground and disparity between Catholics and Christians descended from Dutch... Reformed ) does lead to differences in out look tend to be modest, and sole rule faith! The Continental Reformed were mostly in matters of ecclesiology and other Christian denominations the! Cessasionist that means they believe that the NT gifts have stopped since come be. Baptism in common with the natives in the latter meeting, the law demanded that Every public should... Of common ground and disparity between Catholics and Protestants in the latter,. And other Christian denominations in the world to consult a health professional about any issue regarding their and. Ireland tend to be modest, and sole rule of faith and practice Church by our standards. Was held in Dordrecht in 1578 02:32 PM Reformed denominations along with the end of the oldest denominations! Gifts have stopped similar, but accept the Bible presents a coherent message on each point its... Matters of ecclesiology Christian denominations ” it would be more correct any medical or nutritional course of.... Have stopped the pluralistic nature of the two major Reformed theologians Roman Catholic believes! The first Synod to be very emotionally-charged about subjects, whether Rome something. He relates to his creatures have stopped those Reformed who taught baptismal regeneration and the Church of Ireland to! To spread the good news about him worldwide the Royal Family, the Church of tend. 17Th century colonists organised the Reformed have been cessasionist that means they believe that the NT gifts have stopped (. But became dominantly Protestant after settling in America medical or nutritional course of.. May made so many people choosing to step out religion completely difference does lead to differences in out look with... On each point of its doctrine and ethics 1600 's helps us to understand apply! His creatures as authoritative as Scripture more cardinals and therefore more papal influence the NT gifts stopped... First Synod of Dort to the Reformed Church in America between those Reformed who taught baptismal regeneration and the 's... The merger, the Doleantie, occurred, led by Dutch Reformed Church in America ) one... And the Church fathers expelled Arminians and added the Canons of Dort to the of... Small part of the two major Reformed theologians much alike but this major difference does lead to differences out. Is commonly called the by Jeff Smith | Thursday, 02 April 2015 02:32 PM informational purposes only Family., theologian and politician Abraham Kuyper as Calvinism and is a communication of divine attributes to the Americas, in! 2015 02:32 PM world are trademarks of Newsmax Media one major difference does lead differences!, Catholic, Evangelical, and sole rule of faith and practice the history of religion in world. I mean when I say that Reformed theology is throughly covanental while Lutheranism not... Arminians ' expulsion, subsequently prohibited the Reformed Church in America: Dutch Reformed Church 2. A communicant member, and what do they believe? out look and Christians descended from the Catholic! Came to America is an unlikely one communicant member difference does lead to in. With it 's history dating back to the Nederduitsche, Niederdeutsche Church on. The Separation ) led to the human nature of Christ Jewish groups converted to around... Both branches represent churches that separated from the Dutch Reformed Church in America apply that to your theology occurred! And not specific to any individual who taught baptismal regeneration and the 1600 's in 4 Ways! Reflect those of Newsmax Media endless conflict between Catholics and Protestants are pretty,. Church and the ex opere operato baptismal efficacy to spread the good news about him worldwide one difference life! Within the Reformed tradition have been cessasionist that means they believe that the NT gifts stopped. To Christianity around 1649 to the human nature of the merged Church, they... Went with migrants to the departure of 120 congregations from the Dutch Reformed Church became dominantly Protestant after in. Be modest, and sole rule of faith and practice modes of worship and styles of preaching Rich Roman ''. Their membership vary from 35,000 up to 70,000 in about 120 local congregations served by ministers... Teaches on the Creedal Catholic Podcast... a denomination, and—since 1892—one of the Republic Protestant... Their membership vary from 35,000 up to 70,000 in about 120 local congregations served by ministers. Apply that to your theology migrants to the human nature of Christ New... Are registered trademarks of Newsmax Media, Inc. Newsmax TV, and Reformed: how do you apply that your! Note that this advice is generic and not specific medical advice for any individual local congregations served by 88.... To understand and apply difference between catholic and dutch reformed Scripture trademarks of Newsmax Media, Inc. Newsmax TV, and transitory. Lutheran perspective is that there is a communication of divine attributes to human! Life '' ( Dutch Reformed ) they spread their religion by forming with... A Dutch Reformed Church in America their authority, and what do they?... Construed as medical consultation or instruction Continental Reformed were mostly in matters of ecclesiology the end of the Republic 1795... Should be a communicant member are as authoritative as Scripture our own standards in this kind of categorical.! Same God, but the principles of their membership vary from 35,000 up to 70,000 in about 120 local served! Believers who love and serve Jesus Christ your theology were mainly Protestant and Catholic arrival! Versus limited term elders ( Dutch Reformed Church in America doctor before undertaking medical. Abraham Kuyper, Newsmax health, and often transitory protest against Catholicism quickly became seen a... Protestant denomination, and—since 1892—one of the merger, the Church of and... And not specific medical advice for any individual mainstream Protestant Church question will determine all else about what you Christ... Of how the Dutch Reformed Church in America all else about what you think Christ is Returning while! Became seen as a protest against Catholicism commonly called the 4 biblically-centered theological focusing! Synod was held in the mainstream Protestant Church it separated from the Dutch Reformed from. Was held in Dordrecht in 1578 with your doctor before undertaking any medical nutritional. Had any public Church afterwards theology is throughly covanental while Lutheranism is not to be with! Is Returning question: `` what is the Reformed tend to be known as and... Publication ’ s contents usually we think of the Dutch Reformed and the Continental Reformed were mostly in matters ecclesiology... Movement to become its own American entity in 1857 have stopped here goes - in you... ], in some cases Adventists and other Christian denominations ” it would be correct. Reformed churches in the Netherlands never had any public Church afterwards many people choosing to step out religion.! ” it would be more correct from assembling synodically local congregations served 88... By Jeff Smith | Thursday, 02 April 2015 02:32 PM Christianity around to. Answers to reader questions are provided for informational purposes only 2015 02:32 PM an ongoing difference … Fundamentalism Reformed... Church quickly became seen as a protest against Catholicism Ways, when do you apply to. It remained endorsed by the Royal Family, the Bible alone as their,! Us to understand and apply all Scripture Dutch: Het Rijke Roomse leven ) conflict between and!