[11] The great Indus Valley cities slowly disappeared and would soon be buried in rubble, not to be rediscovered until many centuries later. refers to the Alpha Draconis of the Draco constellation in Indus valley and the Gamma Draconis of the same is named as the zenith-star since it almost lies in the zenith of Greenwich. Tamil Nadu has mountains on the western side and the land slopes towards the sea on the eastern side. You might be interested in the following as well: Subscribe to our e-mail newsletter to receive updates. [29] The situation narrated by Wunderlich on Greek culture is very similar to the scenario presented in Indus valley. [22] Recent archaeological findings proove the Indus River Valley civilization is up to 2,000 years older than previously believed. [29] Indus valley language and script (Ancient History) The Indus Valley Civilization was the first major urban culture of South Asia. [20] Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy  | [12] The decline of the Indus Civilization and the Late Harappan period in the Indus Valley. Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to record a language, or even symbolise a writing system. The notion of unmoving pole star around 3000 B.C. Though t he ancient Tamil Land was dotted with many villages, i t als o had fortified great cities like Thenmadurai, K apatapuram, INDUS VALLEY, A DRAVIDIAN CIVILIZATION? All the Indus valley seals had been read by Dr. R. Mathivanan and it is established that it is Tamil writings. On his withdrawal Alexander left client kings in the upper Indus and in Afghanistan. The Indus Valley Civilization was a cultural and political entity which flourished in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent between c. 7000 - c. 600 BCE. Religion The large number of figurines found in the Indus Valley Civilization suggests that the Harappan people worshipped a Mother Goddess, who symbolized fertility. [1] These excavations reveal that remnants of horses have been found not only in Indus Valley sites but also in pre-Indus sites. The Indus valley civilization is known as city civilizat i on. [10] [25] [26] Dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms and protective walls have been found in almost all the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. [27] This suggests that the Dravidian speaking colonists settled the Indus Valley over a period of a few decades. The Dravidian hypothesis may be plausible, but it's far from having been proven. The pictographic writing found under a painting on a rock formation in the South Arcot district of Tamil Nadu was the same as that found in the Indus Valley. [29] Source: The Hindu. [29] The Harappan settlement systems and patterns in the Greater Indus Valley (circa 3500-1500 bc). This led to many Harappans migrating out of the Indus Valley into India, to settle sites in Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and other parts of western Uttar Pradesh between 1700-1000 B.C. [27] The ancient cities of the Indus Valley belonged to the greatest civilization the world may never know. [22] The Indus Valley civilization remained hidden for centuries, lost in the ravages of time, buried under mounds of rubble. Indus Civilization and Tamil Language By jk on February 15, 2007 in History: Before 1 CE Last year, a Neolithic stone shaped like a hand held axe , dating to between 2000 BC – 1500 BC, was found near Mayiladuthurai in Tamil Nadu. Sanskrit Language is the world's oldest language. Many archaeologists are beginning to accept the fact that the Harappan civilization was founded elsewhere and taken to the Indus Valley by the Harappan people. Research numerous resources on the world history topics! Trautman would likely take the similarities of symbols on the Tamil Nadu pottery and Indus Valley script as evidence that the Indus Valley script was some sort of Dravidian. A possible natural reason for the IVC's decline is connected with climate change that is also signaled for the neighboring areas of the Middle East: The Indus valley climate grew significantly cooler and drier from about 1800 BCE, linked to a general weakening of the monsoon at that time. [28] The discovery of Indus valley civilization brought the Indian subcontinent into limelight as home to one of the most ancient human civilizations and gave scope to many scholars to present an argument that the Indian subcontinent, as a land of racial, ethnic and linguistic diversity from time immemorial and as a land that stood in the way of waves of migrating prehistoric nomads and adventurers of stone age, might be the cradle of human civilization. Archaeological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Dravidians were the founders of the Harappan culture which extended from the Indus Valley through northeastern Afghanistan, on into Turkestan. [16] [22] After the partition of India in 1947, the area of the Indus Valley Civilization was divided between India and Pakistan. We have very little information about the religious life of the Indus valley people. The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and now is Pakistan. The single most important element connecting the Indus civilisation with modern Tamil culture is the Kavadi, the ceremonial yoke used to carry offerings to the deity. That possibility appears very very remote now. It was a highly urban culture with more than a dozen sites, most particularly, Harappa to the north and Mohenjo-Daro 400 miles to the south. The earliest existing example is Catal Hayuk, which was constructed around 9000 BC, which is much earlier than the period assigned to Indus culture, which is around 3000 to 1500 BC. Other crafts that have been unearthed include shell works, ceramics, agate, glazed steatite bead making, special kind of combs, etc. Al-though this is their opinion, it appears that the writing system used in the Indus Valley was also employed in South India and that the language of the Indus Valley script was Tamil 2–4 . Sumer, coastal Arabia and the Indus Valley in Proto­literate and Early Dynastic eras: supporting evidence for a cultural linkage. [2] [31] [11] [26] There are cultural similarities between the people of the Indus valley and Konda aborigines of Central India. The age of this axe in placed between 2000 B C - 1500 B C. From this scholar Iravatham Mahadevan concludes that Indus valley language and the Dravdian language have an affinity. Mr. Mahadevan also thinks that the Neolithic people of Tamil Nadu and the Harappans shared the same script and the same language. The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. The Dravido-Harappans occupied over 1,000 sites in the riverine Indus Valley environments where they had soil and water reserves. A: I think any direct relationship between the Indus Valley and the deep Dravidian south is unlikely because of the vast gap in space and time. "When Marshall excavated the Indus Valley Civilization, he gave it the date of about 3000 BC," said Dikshit. [9] [25] I. Mother goddess of Indus valley Hemtun mentions about naked goddess and her role with rain. Some historians also suggested that the people of Indus valley probably shared an affinity with the ancient Egyptians and other African cultures. [10] [23] Al-though this is their opinion, it appears that the writing system used in the Indus Valley was also employed in South India and that the language of the Indus Valley script was Tamil 2–4 . A study of the weights and measures of the Indus Valley Civilization. At the International Conference on Mohenjodaro and Indus Valley Civilisation 2017 it was noted that two language engineers, Amar Fayaz Buriro and Shabir Kumbhar have engineered all 1839 signs of Indus script and presented a developed font. Sethna, K. D. 1969a Interpretation of the Indus Valley script. A seal found during excavations in Anaicoddai in Eelam contained both Indus Valley letters and brahmic script. Knorozov worked closely with Nikita Gurov, one the greatest Indologists of all time in Russia and another strong proponent that the language of the Indus Valley civilization was probably an older Dravidian one. [10] [2], Tamils of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in handicraft (carnelian products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin). [29] [28] Indus Civilization and Tamil Language by जयकृष्णः | ജയകൃഷ്ണൻ Posted on February 15, 2007 Last year, a Neolithic stone shaped like a hand held axe , dating to between 2000 BC – 1500 BC, was found near Mayiladuthurai in Tamil Nadu. The symbols inscribed on a Neolithic axe found at Sembiyan Kandiyur near Mayiladuthurai in 2006, a most significant discovery connecting Indus Civilisation with Tamil Nadu, corresponded to the signs of the Indus script. [22] A new hypothesis that links the Vaigai civilization, represented by the ongoing archaeological excavation at Keezhadi near here, with Indus civilization on the basis of exact names of places was put forth by R. Balakrishnan, Additional… Bull fighting The above depiction has been taken out of a seal from Indus site and it shows that bull fighting had been an integral part of Indus Valley culture. for 800 years. [9] David frawley concludes that never there was any Aryan invasion in India, but takes a view that Indus valley culture itself is that of Indo-European people who migrated in to India much ahead of the presently accepted dates. Excavations in 1920 - 22 at Harappa & Mohenjodaro (which lie in what is now Pakistan) confirmed the existence of a hitherto unknown civilization in the Indus Valley. A seal found during excavations in Anaicoddai in Eelam contained both Indus Valley letters and brahmic script. The Indus valley people have used (most likely the first)ruler for measuring lengths. Science The people of Indus Valley are believed to be amongst the first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures. Evidence shows that the Indus Valley people were both sophisticated and technologically advanced; they were very talented in many areas of science, technology and engineering. [6], Indus valley civilisation is more or less 7000 years old and there is documentary proof to show that it is very advanced, people were well versed in architecture, laying of roads, making clothes, furniture, jewellery and utensils. Some motifs as evidence for maritime contact between Sumer and the Indus Valley. [29] Symbols found on megalithic pottery and potsherds from Sanur and Mangudi in Tamil Nadu also resembled the signs of the Indus script. The answer is no. Recent studies indicate that food production was largely indigenous to the Indus Valley. [31] [26] The Harappan language is the unknown language or languages of the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC) Harappan civilization (Indus Valley Civilization, or IVC). The two symbols should be read as "period in the angle" that was a corner of the month-wheel / sun square. Also about the Origin of Tamils and their relationship with other peoples. 95 CHAPTER-VIII INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION Pre Indus culture Excavations at Amri and Mehrgarh show previous versions of Indus culture that existed during the Neolithic period. Thor Heyerdahl uncovers the ancient Maldives. Delhi: Oxford & IBH. The existence of brick lined street drains and rain water pipes, the universal use of brick in construction and the representation of the seals of animals such as the tiger, rhino, elephant and buffaloes which favor moist habitat showed that the Indus Valley enjoyed heavy rainfall. [1], Scholars also compare the Indus valley script with a writing system from ancient Persia, known as Linear Elamite. The Indus Valley "Proto-Siva’, reexamined through reflections on the goddess, the buffalo and the symbolism of the vdhanas. [12] How to say Indus Valley Civilization in Tamil? Indus Valley Civilization was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan (around 12 lakh sq.km). The Indus Valley script: a survey of attempts for its decipherment. Scholars disagree about why this mysterious Indus Valley civilization declined and disappeared, but around 1900 BCE, it began to falter. Sundry technical aspects of the manufacture of Indus Valley terracotta art. [9] Epigraphists attached to the department, Dr S Rajagopal and Dr N Marxia Gandhi, after confirming the suspicions referred it to Mr Iravadham Mahadevan, a researcher on Indus scripts, who concurred with the view that it was a Neolithic find with Harappan symbol etchings. In the 'Language of the Proto-Indian Inscriptions,' the Russian scholar reached a conclusion that the symbols at the Indus Valley ruins represented a logosyllabic script. The latest opinion is that the Indus Valley culture was not destroyed by outside invasion, but according to internal causes and, most likely, floods. [23] 5000 years of continous literary culture unlike any other civilization in the world 2. Terms & Conditions  | Candidates can check and download all History notes from our website. [29] [13] Rakhigarhi, India -- Dating back years, and one of South Asia's largest, oldest Indus Valley civilization sites. It reached its peak from 2600 BC to 1900 BC roughly, a period called by some archaeologists "Mature Harappan" as distinguished from the … It is named as Margiana culture by soviet archaeologists and artefacts found here show that there was a cultural link and continuity between the areas located in Margiana complex and the Indus valley. [29] If we accept that the Vedic people had some historic affinity with the Indus Valley Civilization which some believe to be true, it lends credence to the possibility that Indus people might have practiced some rudimentary or even elaborate forms of sacrificial ceremonies to propitiate their gods. [34] Two terms are employed for the periodization of the IVC: Phases and Eras. The civilization, which is also known as Harappan Civilization, lasted from 3300 BC to 1700 BC. [14] [25] Indus civilization, also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. [25], This civilization was later named as the "Indus Civilization’ due to the discovery of more and more sites far away from the Indus valley. Srivastava, M. C. P. 1965 A fresh study of an Indus Valley sealing. HGP Human Genome Project IE Indo-Europeans IVC Indus Valley Civilisation PIE Proto Indo Europeans PCT Palaeolithic Continuity theory Potteries OCP -- ochre coloured potteries NBP -- northern black polished ware PGW-- painted grey ware culture BRW -- black and red ware culture GLOSSARY Allegory is a figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal Allegory subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. [11] Earlier studies (prior to 1980) often assumed that food production was imported to the Indus Valley by a single linguistic group ("Aryans") and/or from a single area. Onshore explorations near Bet Dwarka in Gujarat revealed the presence of late Indus seals depicting a 3-headed animal, earthen vessel inscribed in what is claimed to be a late Harappan script, and a large quantity of pottery. Jhukar and the Late Harappan cultural mosaic of the Greater Indus Valley. 116 Hemtun states that there are several ideas, which have been directly taken from Egypt and used in Indus valley civilisation. [4] [14] [22] [28] Until a stone inscription like the " Rosetta Stone" of the Nile Valley is found in the Indus valley nothing conclusive can be said about the language of the Indus valley inscription. The mature phase of the Harappan civilization lasted from c. 2600 to 1900 BCE. In this lesson, we will explore the mysterious Indus Valley civilization, which was located in modern Pakistan and reached its high point between about 2500 BCE and 1900 BCE. In this view, the early Indus Valley civilisation (Harappa and Mohenjo Daro) is often identified as having been Dravidian. Its name Harappan Civilization is based on the first unearthed city of Indus Valley. Manifest pedagogy: The recent research on the Indus valley civilization and Aryan’s archeological and gentical has rekindled the old debate on the original inhabitants of India. Burial urns have been unearthed in the Indus valley which indicate that the dead bodies were buried and not cremated. The Indus script, used between 2,600 and 1,900 B.C. I have given the reference from verses 1 to 3 of Genesis Chapter 11. [10] The script used by those who lived in the widespread civilization that stretched across northern India (and what is now Pakistan) has still not been deciphered. Nearly 1,400 Indus Valley sites (towns) have now been discovered. [4] In the Mature Harappan period, from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE, strings of Indus signs are commonly found on flat, rectangular stamp seals as well as many other objects including tools, tablets, ornaments and pottery. The articles on the Indus Valley script in The Aryan Debate iterate that there has been no successful decipherment of the Indus Valley Script. Excellent knowledge of urban planning was of great importance for the people of the Indus Valley. This word has been seen many times in artifacts found in Harappa. [12] [12] The Punjab region of the upper Indus Valley remained the seat of Vedic/Hindu learning and of ancient Vedic heritage. This feature is characteristic of the Dravidian language family than the Indo-Aryan text; the rgveda shows Dravidian influence (indicating that early Indo-Aryans had some contact with Dravidian speakers) make it likely that the language of the Harrappans was a Dravidian one. The Indus Valley Civilization By Srikant Talageri. Could it be a Dravidian language? [11] Last year, a Neolithic stone shaped like a hand held axe, dating to between 2000 BC – 1500 BC, was found near Mayiladuthurai in Tamil Nadu. In 2001, archaeologists studying the remains of two men from Mehrgarh, Pakistan, made the discovery that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization, from the early Harappan periods, had knowledge of proto-dentistry. Though the oldest surviving text of Tamil is dated around 300 BCE (much later than the decline of Indus valley civilization), there are sufficient evidences pointing to the existence of Tamil language to much earlier periods. The following features of the Mature Phase were more prominent: Cities Approximately 1052 cities and settlements belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization have been excavated till date, mainly in the general region of the Ghaggar and Indus Rivers and their tributaries. As the Indus Valley civilization ist concerned, quite everything is highly unsure and hypothetical. 2700- BC.1900 i.e. Though the probability of a direct question on this in mains is not possible. Since there is prestige that comes with being the successor to a civilization that rivalled Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, many linguistic groups in India and Pakistan have tried to claim the Indus Valley as their own. [29] [28] Apart from the carbon dating, studies of signs showed similarities of Indus Valley civilization comprised of Mohanjodaro and Harappan. The Indus Valley civilization is one of the greatest and the least known early civilizations of the Old World. The engraving provides a significant southern link with the 600-year-old Indus Valley civilization that flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian sub-continent between 2300 BC and 1700 BC. Antiquity of Tamil is very well known. There is no point in arguing aryan invaders as dravidian Tamil could have been imposed from migrants from North. [29] Some historians believe that the people of the Indus Valley were attacked by invading Aryans. The subject of babel is coming only after that. Indus Valley Civilization 'சிந்துச் சமவெளி விட்ட இடமும் சங்க இலக்கியம் தொட்ட இடமும் ஒன்றே' Ancient Indus Civilization Slideshows; சிந்துவெளி தொல்லியல் களம் - காணொளி Whatever happened, by 1500 BCE, the Indus Valley civilization had disappeared into the fog of history, not to be rediscovered for many centuries. [2], According to Mahadevan, a stone celt discovered in Mayiladuthurai (Tamil Nadu) has the same markings as that of the symbols of the Indus script. 115 Figure 12: Centaurs of Three big cultures (Adapted after Benght Hemtun, Website-Catshaman) In Sumer and Egypt, these symbols designate five seasons of a year. You simply cannot say "there are close linguistic similarities between the Indus Valley civilization and Ancient Tamil Nadu", as long as the language of the Indus Civilization is completely unknown. [22] [22] There is no point in arguing aryan invaders as dravidian Tamil could have been imposed from migrants from North. (Fairservis 1987:48) The Dravido-Harappans occupied over 1,000 sites in the riverine Indus Valley environments where they had soil and water reserves. [22] [1] [22] [12] Study also finds link between South Indian Irula tribe and the Harappan population Few doubt the greatness of the Indus Valley or Harappan civilization, which is believed to have been at its full maturity between 2600 and 1900 BC. A rock engraving similar to the unique sign of the Indus Valley civilization -- a man with a jar -- has been found in Kerala for the first time. The festivals that are being conducted for god Murukan in Asia justify his relationship to Ahmuvan and the words Ahmuvan and Murukan have stood as a definition of religious and cultural symbolism in time and space over several millenniums from Indus valley to Tamil Nadu in southern India. [20] The Indus Valley culture evidences many Vedic practices that cannot be merely coincidental. The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. The Indus valley people carried on active trade relations with the middle-east in gold, copper utensils, lapis lazuli, ivory, beads and semiprecious stones. Based on recent discoveries, there is reason to think the Indus Valley civilization may be at least 8,000 years old and this would also mean the Indus Valley civilization pre-dates Egypt’s pharaohs and Mesopotamia that is often mentioned as the cradle of human civilization. [29], Early examples of the symbol system are found in an Early Harappan and Indus civilisation context, dated to possibly as early as the 35th century BCE. Referring to the "BEARER’ ideograms in the Indus script, he said the frequent Harappan title, "Bearer,’ originally meant a priestly functionary ceremonially carrying, on a yoke, food offerings to the deity. Covering an 500,000 square mile region along the Indus River and its tributaries in Pakistan and northwestern India, the Indus civilization included more than … The language being unattested in any readable contemporary source, hypotheses regarding its nature are reduced to purported loanwords and substratum influence, notably the substratum in Vedic Sanskrit and a few terms recorded in Sumerian … [6] NEW DEHLI, India -- When archaeologist KN Dikshit was a fresh-faced undergraduate, in 1960, a remarkable discovery pushed back the origin of civilization in the Indus River Valley by some 500 years. A suggested chronology for Afghanistan, Baluchistan, and the Indus Valley. Despite the commencement of urban cultures in the Indus Valley by 2500 BC, there is no certain chronology of Indian history until the 7th-6th centuries BC, and much of what we know about this derives from the writings of Greek visitors such as Megasthenes (ca. [1]. [29] [10] [29] (Princeton Oriental Texts, 8.) The Harappa site, unfortunately, fell into the hands of brick-diggers and this vandalism is one of the greatest losses to archeology as otherwise more knowledge about the Indus Valley culture would have been available. In our book, Vedic Aryans and the Origins of Civilisation, David Frawley and I have shown that the Rig Veda belongs to an earlier layer of civilization before the rise of the civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley (Harappa). 5000 years of continous literary culture unlike any other civilization in the world 2. Other historians have suggested that some kind of natural disaster led to the decline and disappearance of the Indus Valley peoples, perhaps a great flood or a drought or an earthquake. [29] The first two symbols are from Sumer and Egypt respectively and the third symbol is a seal is from Indus valley. [14] Between 400 and as many as 600 distinct Indus Valley symbols have been found on seals, small tablets, ceramic pots and more than a dozen other materials, including a œsignboard that apparently once hung over the gate of the inner citadel of the Indus city. Keith in English and by M.R. [33], Indus Valley painted pottery: a comparative study of the designs on the painted wares of the Harappa culture. What I want to emphasis is in verses 1 to 3 there is a mentioning of "And the whole world was of one language, and of one speech. 155 The seal of double axe shows the arrival of new group of people in Indus valley. Some of the suggested languages are Indo Aryan languages, Dradivian, Mundari, Tibetan, Language X etc. This revering civilization is referred to by archaeology as the Harappa or Indus Valley civilization. It was assumed that the Indus Valley writing was written in a Dravidian language because of the presence of Dravidian speakers of Brahui in the Indus Valley. “The granite must have been etched with Iron. [6] Harappa and Mohenjodaro, both now in Pakistan, were the principal towns of the developed urban civilization discovered in the 1920s. The geography of the Indus Valley put the civilizations that arose there in a highly similar situation to those in Egypt and Peru, with rich agricultural lands being surrounded by highlands, desert, and ocean. [22] The importance of Dog Star lies in the fact that the heliacal rising of the Dog Star heralded the onset of rising flood waters of Nile in Egypt, at the same time on set of rains in Indus valley also. 5000 years of continous literary culture unlike any other civilization in the world 2. For Afghanistan, Baluchistan, and A.A. McDonnell and A.B [ 12 ] this revering civilization is between. 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